Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2021
Severe Adaptive Immune Suppression May Be Why Patients With Severe COVID-19 Cannot Be Discharged From the ICU Even After Negative Viral Tests.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel host-based strategy for detecting low-grade prosthetic joint infection using immune cell pattern in synovial fluid.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Article
- COVID vaccination and post-infection cancer signals: Evaluating patterns and potential biological mechanisms.Oncotarget · 2026Review
- Continuous Biosensing to Monitor Acute Systemic Inflammation, a Diagnostic Need for Therapeutic Guidance.ACS sensors · 2025Review
- Relative frequencies and clinical features of Guillain-Barré Syndrome before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in North China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Atypical herpetic ulcerations in COVID-19 positive patients: A report of three cases.Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology · 2023Article
- Post-COVID symptoms are associated with endotypes reflecting poor inflammatory and hemostatic modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Persistence is key: unresolved immune dysfunction is lethal in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoint alterations and their blockade in COVID-19 patients.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2022Review
- Proteomics of fibrin amyloid microclots in long COVID/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) shows many entrapped pro-inflammatory molecules that may also contribute to a failed fibrinolytic system.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- A path-based analysis of infected cell line and COVID-19 patient transcriptome reveals novel potential targets and drugs against SARS-CoV-2.Research square · 2022Article
- A Path-Based Analysis of Infected Cell Line and COVID-19 Patient Transcriptome Reveals Novel Potential Targets and Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a phenomenon emerged in which some patients with severe disease were critically ill and could not be discharged from the ICU even though they exhibited negative viral tests. To explore the underlying mechanism, we collected blood samples from these patients and analyzed the gene expression profiles of peripheral immune cells. We found that all enrolled patients, regardless of changes in genes related to different symptoms and inflammatory responses, showed universally and severely decreased expression of adaptive immunity-related genes, especially those related to T/B cell arms and HLA molecules, and that these patients exhibited long-term secondary infections. In addition, no significant change was found in the expression of classic immunosuppression molecules including PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, suggesting that the adaptive immune suppression may not be due to the change of these genes. According to the published literatures and our data, this adaptive immunosuppression is likely to be caused by the "dysregulated host response" to severe infection, similar to the immunosuppression that exists in other severely infected patients with sepsis.
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