ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
The Trend of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Severity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3+ Macrophages: Insights into Their Role in Cancer and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Comparative analysis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and lung colonization: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- TIM-3 on myeloid cells promotes pulmonary inflammation through increased production of galectin-3.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity and protection against Mycobacterium avium with a heterologous RNA prime and protein boost vaccine regimen.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Article
- Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes in Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Disease: A Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Impact of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Species on Mortality in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing worldwide. Immune exhaustion has been reported in NTM-LD, but T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a co-inhibitory receptor on T cells, has been scarcely studied. Methods: Patients with NTM-LD and healthy controls were prospectively recruited from July 2014 to August 2019 at three tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. We examined TIM3 expression on the T cells from the participants using flow cytometry. TIM3 expression was analyzed for different disease statuses and after treatment. The apoptosis and cytokine profiles were analyzed according to the TIM3 expression. Results: Among enrolled subjects (47 patients and 46 controls), TIM3 on CD4+ cells (6.44% vs. 4.12%, Conclusions: In patients with NTM-LD, TIM3+ expression increased over CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and correlated with cell apoptosis and specific cytokine attenuation. Clinically, TIM3+ T cells increased in patients with low BMI, high disease extent, and high bacilli burden but decreased after treatment.
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Registered trials
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