ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Post-stroke Rehabilitation of Severe Upper Limb Paresis in Germany - Toward Long-Term Treatment With Brain-Computer Interfaces.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation compared to conventional neuromuscular electrical stimulation for recovery of limb function following a stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Hand-worn devices for assessment and rehabilitation of motor function and their potential use in BCI protocols: a review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Industrial exoskeletons from bench to field: Human-machine interface and user experience in occupational settings and tasks.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- The Berlin bimanual test for stroke survivors (BeBiT-S): evaluating exoskeleton-assisted bimanual motor function after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Motor imagery-based brain-computer interface rehabilitation programs enhance upper extremity performance and cortical activation in stroke patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Brain computer interface training with motor imagery and functional electrical stimulation for patients with severe upper limb paresis after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- An integrated investigation of systemic and localized pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and multimodal therapeutic strategies.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Functional muscle networks as biomarkers of post-stroke motor impairment and therapeutic responsiveness.eLife · 2026Article
- Effects of Brain-Computer Interface-Controlled Hand Robot Training on Post-Stroke Recovery of Upper Limb Motor Functions: A Meta-Analysis of Dose-Matched Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of motor imagery brain-computer interface task on quantitative EEG features in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring Usability and User Engagement in Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Systems for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.Progress in rehabilitation medicine · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interface technology for motor rehabilitation in severe stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Novel Robotic Balloon-Based Device for Wrist-Extension Therapy of Hemiparesis Stroke Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- LONG-TERM BENEFITS OF A TAILORED STRENGTH TRAINING INTERVENTION ON ARM FUNCTION IN CHRONIC STROKE SURVIVORS: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY.Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications · 2025Article
- Dual-target tDCS and dual-task training modulate neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity: transcriptomic and behavioral evidence in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
- Advanced rehabilitation in ischaemic stroke research.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2024Review
- HYBRIDMINDS-summary and outlook of the 2023 international conference on the ethics and regulation of intelligent neuroprostheses.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Berlin Bimanual Test for Tetraplegia (BeBiTT): development, psychometric properties, and sensitivity to change in assistive hand exoskeleton application.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Upper Limb Motor Recovery after Stroke: Current Status and Development Prospects (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2023Review
- Evidence of neuroplasticity with brain-computer interface in a randomized trial for post-stroke rehabilitation: a graph-theoretic study of subnetwork analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe upper limb paresis can represent an immense burden for stroke survivors. Given the rising prevalence of stroke, restoration of severe upper limb motor impairment remains a major challenge for rehabilitation medicine because effective treatment strategies are lacking. Commonly applied interventions in Germany, such as mirror therapy and impairment-oriented training, are limited in efficacy, demanding for new strategies to be found. By translating brain signals into control commands of external devices, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) represent promising, neurotechnology-based alternatives for stroke patients with highly restricted arm and hand function. In this mini-review, we outline perspectives on how BCI-based therapy can be integrated into the different stages of neurorehabilitation in Germany to meet a long-term treatment approach: We found that it is most appropriate to start therapy with BCI-based neurofeedback immediately after early rehabilitation. BCI-driven functional electrical stimulation (FES) and BMI robotic therapy are well suited for subsequent post hospital curative treatment in the subacute stage. BCI-based hand exoskeleton training can be continued within outpatient occupational therapy to further improve hand function and address motivational issues in chronic stroke patients. Once the rehabilitation potential is exhausted, BCI technology can be used to drive assistive devices to compensate for impaired function. However, there are several challenges yet to overcome before such long-term treatment strategies can be implemented within broad clinical application: 1. developing reliable BCI systems with better usability; 2. conducting more research to improve BCI training paradigms and 3. establishing reliable methods to identify suitable patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.