Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34867406›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021

Blood Nanoparticles - Influence on Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Characterization.

Marija Holcar, Maša Kandušer, Metka Lenassi

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Predict Complications after Cardiac Surgery.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Blood-derived APLP1Science advances · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Marija HolcarInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Maša KandušerInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Metka LenassiInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana · SI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Blood is a rich source of disease biomarkers, which include extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanometer-to micrometer-sized spherical particles that are enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer and are secreted by most cell types. EVs reflect the physiological cell of origin in terms of their molecular composition and biophysical characteristics, and they accumulate in blood even when released from remote organs or tissues, while protecting their cargo from degradation. The molecular components (e.g., proteins, miRNAs) and biophysical characteristics (e.g., size, concentration) of blood EVs have been studied as biomarkers of cancers and neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most biomarker studies do not address the problem of contaminants in EV isolates from blood plasma, and how these might affect downstream EV analysis. Indeed, nonphysiological EVs, protein aggregates, lipoproteins and viruses share many molecular and/or biophysical characteristics with EVs, and can therefore co-isolate with EVs from blood plasma. Consequently, isolation and downstream analysis of EVs from blood plasma remain a unique challenge, with important impacts on the outcomes of biomarker studies. To help improve rigor, reproducibility, and reliability of EV biomarker studies, we describe here the major contaminants of EV isolates from blood plasma, and we report on how different EV isolation methods affect their levels, and how contaminants that remain can affect the interpretation of downstream EV analysis.

Indexed as

blood nanoparticlescharacterization methodscontaminantsextracellular vesiclesisolation methods

Identifiers

PMID34867406
PMCPMC8635996
OpenAlexW3213588211

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.