ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphisms (896A/G and 1196C/T) as an Indicator of COVID-19 Severity in a Convenience Sample of Egyptian Patients.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll-like receptors polymorphisms and COVID-19: a systematic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The relationship between 896A/G (rs4986790) polymorphism ofFrontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Sex-Specific Association of Toll-like Receptor 8 Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Case Status in a Korean Population.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Potential relationships between circulating gene expression ofJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- The innate immune response in SARS-CoV2 infection: focus on toll-like receptor 4 in severe disease outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Possible Mechanistic Basis of Individual Susceptibility to Spike Protein Injury.Advances in virology · 2025Review
- Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis.Viruses · 2023Article
- The Remarkable Roles of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Soluble Isoforms in COVID-19: The Importance of RAGE Pathway in the Lung Injuries.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2023Review
- Impact of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 9 Gene Polymorphisms on COVID-19: Susceptibility, Severity, and Thrombosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Association of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism with SARS CoV-2 infection in Kurdish Population.Human gene (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Innate immunity, cytokine storm, and inflammatory cell death in COVID-19.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Review
- The Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphism Asp299Gly Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer.Cells · 2022Article
- Individual genetic variability mainly of Proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors, and toll-like receptors dictates pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Viral and Host Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers Related to SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry, Infection Rate, and Disease Severity.Biology · 2022Review
- Activation of TLR4 by viral glycoproteins: A double-edged sword?Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Comparison of COVID-19 characteristics in Egyptian patients according to their Toll-Like Receptor-4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Article
- Genetic variants determine intrafamilial variability of SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes in 19 Italian families.PloS one · 2022Article
- TLR Signaling Pathway Gene Polymorphisms, Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions in Allergic Rhinitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is extremely variable. Thus, it is likely that the heterogeneity in the genetic make-up of the host may contribute to disease severity. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a vital role in the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The susceptibility of humans to severe COVID-19 concerning TLR-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has not been well examined.
objectiveThe goal of this research was to investigate the association between TLR-4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) SNPs and COVID-19 severity and progression as well as the cytokine storm in Egyptian patients.
methodsWe genotyped 300 adult COVID-19 Egyptian patients for TLR-4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) SNPs using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We also measured interleukin (IL)-6 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an indicator of the cytokine storm.
resultsThe minor 299Gly (G) and 399Ile (T) alleles were associated with a significant (P < 0.001) positive risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 2.02-4.88 and OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.66-4.57), their frequency in the severe group were 71.8% (84/150) and 70.7% (58/150), respectively. We detected significant differences between TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) genotypes with regard to serum levels of IL-6. Levels of IL-6 increased significantly with the presence of the mutant 299Gly (G) and 399Ile (T) alleles to reach the highest levels in the Gly299Gly (GG) and the Ile399Ile (TT) genotypes (170 pg/mL (145-208.25) and 112 pg/mL (24-284.75), respectively).
conclusionThe TLR-4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) minor alleles 299Gly (G) and 399Ile (T) are associated with COVID-19 severity, mortality, and the cytokine storm.
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