ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2021
Developing global guidance on human milk banking.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review on the Impact of Donor Characteristics and Donor Milk Handling on Infant Health and Growth.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Policies and guidelines supporting the sustainability of human milk donation to milk banks in Switzerland: a document analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of contaminants in donor human milk.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Factors associated with informal human milk sharing among donors and recipients: A mixed-methods systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on enhancing milk donation behavior: a cluster randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Trial
- Improving resilience in human milk banking: workshop proceedings, 11th November, London UK.BMC proceedings · 2026Article
- Microbiological safety and immunoglobulin A retention in bottle-agitated Holder pasteurization of human milk.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Microbial safety of donor human milk before pasteurization: seasonal, maternal, and procedural determinants.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Analysis of the economic benefits and feasibility of the same-city delivery model for donor human milk (SCDM-DHM).International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Effect of Holder pasteurization on nutrient and immune component retention in human milk: a comparison between water and dry pasteurizers.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Effects of Donor Human Milk and Formula Supplementation on Bone Metabolism and Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants Receiving Mother's Own Milk.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Microbiological Safety of Donor Human Milk: Comparing Culture-Based Methods for Enterobacterales Detection.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Bridging the Milk Gap: Integrating a Human Milk Bank-Blood Bank Model to Reinforce Lactation Support and Neonatal Care.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Factors related to milk donation based on the theory of planned behavior in pregnant women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Views on wet nursing and expressing breastmilk for sharing and human milk bank donation among mothers in two parenting social media communities in Vietnam.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Modeling ofInternational journal of food science · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of different donor milk treatments on infant health and growth: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- New latex agglutination assay for the determination of lactoferrin in human milk.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Donor human milk is recommended by the World Health Organization both for its advantageous nutritional and biological properties when mother's own milk is not available and for its recognized support for lactation and breastfeeding when used appropriately. An increasing number of human milk banks are being established around the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to facilitate the collection, processing and distribution of donor human milk. In contrast to other medical products of human origin, however, there are no minimum quality, safety and ethical standards for donor human milk and no coordinating global body to inform national policies. We present the key issues impeding progress in human milk banking, including the lack of clear definitions or registries of products; issues around regulation, quality and safety; and ethical concerns about commercialization and potential exploitation of women. Recognizing that progress in human milk banking is limited by a lack of comparable evidence, we recommend further research in this field to fill the knowledge gaps and provide evidence-based guidance. We also highlight the need for optimal support for mothers to provide their own breastmilk and establish breastfeeding as soon as and wherever possible after birth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.