ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2021
Cost of maternal near miss and potentially life-threatening conditions, Kenya.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, underlying causes, and determinants of maternal near miss in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Acting HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Preferences Through Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period Among Women in Kenya: A Latent Transition Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Hospital costs of maternal near miss: a micro-costing analysis.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Does abolishing user fees for family planning increase contraception use? An impact evaluation of the national policy in Burkina Faso.Journal of global health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the direct costs of treating women with maternal near misses and potentially life-threatening conditions in Kenya and the factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure for these women and their households.
methodsAs part of a prospective, nationally representative study of all women with near misses during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy, we compared the cost of treating maternal near-miss cases admitted to referral facilities with that of women with potentially life-threatening conditions. We used logistic regression analysis to assess clinical, demographic and household factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure.
findingsOf 3025 women, 1180 (39.0%) had maternal near misses and 1845 (61.0%) had potentially life-threatening conditions. The median cost of treating maternal near misses was 7135 Kenyan shillings (71 United States dollars, US$) compared with 2690 Kenyan shillings (US$ 27) for potentially life-threatening conditions. Of the women who made out-of-pocket payments, 26.4% (122/462) experienced catastrophic expenditure. The highest median costs for treatment of near misses were in Nairobi and Central region (22 220 Kenyan shillings; US$ 222). Women with ectopic pregnancy complications and pregnancy-related infections had the highest median costs of treatment, at 7800 Kenyan shillings (US$ 78) and 3000 Kenyan shillings (US$ 30), respectively. Pregnancy-related infections, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and treatment in secondary and tertiary facilities were significantly associated with catastrophic expenditure.
conclusionThe cost of treating maternal near misses is high and leads to catastrophic spending through out-of-pocket payments. Universal health coverage needs to be expanded to guarantee financial protection for vulnerable women.
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