Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34865028›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2022

Measuring Sex and Gender in Aging and Alzheimer's Research: Results of a National Survey.

Shana D Stites, Hannah Cao, Kristin Harkins, Jason D Flatt

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. NIA Research Centers Collaborative Network.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The structural and social determinants of Alzheimer's disease related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Shana D StitesDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3994-4343
Hannah CaoSchool of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kristin HarkinsDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Jason D FlattSocial and Behavioral Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1244-738X
University of Pennsylvania · USUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas · US

Funding

Research Centers Collaborative Network RenewalU24AG058556 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KRITCHEVSKY, STEPHEN B., LEDERMAN, STEPHANIE · 2018 to 2025
$7.5M
Study of Cognitive Symptoms and Future Time Perspective in Preclinical Alzheimer's DiseaseK23AG065442 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI STITES, SHANA D. · 2020 to 2024
$886k
Alzheimer's Association AARF-17-528934NIA NIH HHS K23 AG065442NIA NIH HHS U24 AG058556
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesDifferences between men and women are common in published research on aging and Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD). What do these differences mean? To answer this, rigorous measurement is needed. We investigated current methods for measuring sex/gender in aging and AD/ADRD cohort studies.

methodsAn online survey was sent to National Institute on Aging-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (n = 38) and investigator-initiated cohort studies (n = 38) to assess practices around enrollment of men and women and measurement of sex and gender.

resultsThe response rate was 65.8% (n = 50). All enrolled men and all but two investigator-initiated studies enrolled women. Most cohorts (43/50) had no documented definitions for categories of "men" or "women." Over 85% of cohorts relied solely on self-report questions to capture sex/gender data (n = 43/50). Issues with administration were also identified (n = 7). DISCUSSION: Our findings identify gaps in current approaches used to measure sex and gender in aging and AD/ADRD research. We discuss opportunities to bridge these gaps and advance measurement of sex and gender in aging and AD/ADRD research. Changes are needed to ensure inclusion and representation of sociocultural diversity in research samples, and consistency in data collection in aging and AD/ADRD research.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAgingFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesAging researchAlzheimer’s researchBiologic sexGenderMeasurement

Identifiers

PMID34865028
PMCPMC9159066
OpenAlexW4200475495

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.