ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Predictors of All-Cause Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a Prospective Cohort Study in East Africa and Nigeria.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors associated with viral suppression and antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in the African Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity and Cognitive Performance Among Young People Living With and Without HIV: A Study Across Four African Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Mortality Prediction Among People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Public Health Facilities in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia: Machine Learning-Based Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Discovery of Respiratory Pathogens in People Living With HIV in the African Cohort Study.Military medicine · 2025Article
- Developing and Validating an Inclusive and Cost-Effective Prediction Algorithm for Survival and Death Among People Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Meta-Analysis and Case-Control and Cost-Effectiveness Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Factors associated with mortality among people with advanced HIV disease in rural uganda: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers Link to Worse Cognition Among Africans With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic in a clinic-based cohort of people with and without HIV in four African countries.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease patients among men who have sex with men in Vietnam: A prospective cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Transformative Impact of the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) Toward Reaching HIV 95-95-95 Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Implementation of the advanced HIV disease package of care using a public health approach: lessons from Nigeria.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Persistent low-level viraemia is associated with non-infectious comorbidities in an observational cohort in four African countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Observational
- Hospitalization and mortality outcomes among adult persons living with HIV in a tertiary hospital in South-western Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Person-centred, integrated non-communicable disease and HIV decentralized drug distribution in Eswatini and South Africa: outcomes and challenges.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- A retrospective cohort analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS enrolled in HIV care at a reference center in Antananarivo, Madagascar.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIntroduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with a decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality, although HIV remains a leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe all-cause mortality and its predictors in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS).
methodsAFRICOS enrolls participants with or without HIV at 12 sites in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Nigeria. Evaluations every 6 months include sociobehavioral questionnaires, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Mortality data are collected from medical records and survivor interviews. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with mortality.
resultsFrom 2013 through 2020, 2724 PLWH completed at least 1 follow-up visit or experienced death. Of these 58.4% were females, 25.8% were aged ≥ 50 years, and 98.3% were ART-experienced. We observed 11.42 deaths per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 9.53-13.68) with causes ascertained in 54% of participants. Deaths were caused by malignancy (28.1%), infections (29.7%), and other non-HIV related conditions. Predictors of mortality included CD4 ≤ 350 cells/µL (aHR 2.01 [95% CI: 1.31-3.08]), a log10copies/mL increase of viral load (aHR 1.36 [95% CI: 1.22-1.51]), recent fever (aHR 1.85[95% CI: 1.22-2.81]), body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 (aHR 2.20 [95% CI: 1.44-3.38]), clinical depression (aHR 2.42 [95% CI: 1.40-4.18]), World Health Organization (WHO) stage III (aHR 2.18 [95% CI: 1.31-3.61]), a g/dL increase in hemoglobin (aHR 0.79 [95% CI: .72-.85]), and every year on ART (aHR 0.67 [95% CI: .56-.81]).
conclusionsThe mortality rate was low in this cohort of mostly virally suppressed PLWH. Patterns of deaths and identified predictors suggest multiple targets for interventions to reduce mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.