ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2022
Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, Physical, and Psychosocial Determinants of Cognitive Reserve.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among Chinese Adults Aged 45 Years and Older with Self-Reported Hearing Loss: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Observational
- Methodological Framework for the Design and Implementation of a US Latine-Hispanic Digital Brain Health Program: User-Centered Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Cognitive reserve and effects of air pollution mixture on cognitive function in dementia-free adults.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Linking Individual Variability of Multi-modal Connectivity, Lifestyle, Psycho-Social Factors and Cognition in Older Adults.Aging and disease · 2025Article
- Do type, timing and duration of life course non-employment differentially predict dementia risk? An application of sequence analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Investigating Modifiable Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline: Insights from the UK Biobank.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Associations between sex and lifestyle activities with cognitive reserve in mid-life adults with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Article
- Vocabulary knowledge as a reliable proxy of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: a validation study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Identifying longitudinal cognitive resilience from cross-sectional amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Exploring cognitive reserve's influence: unveiling the dynamics of digital telerehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease Resilience.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- A Nomogram Including Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Score for Predicting Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Sleep, 24-Hour Activity Rhythms, and Cognitive Reserve: A Population-Based Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- The Association of Life Stress with Subsequent Brain and Cognitive Reserve in Middle-Aged Women.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Overnight olfactory enrichment using an odorant diffuser improves memory and modifies the uncinate fasciculus in older adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Frequency-dependent functional alterations in people living with HIV with early stage of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Divergent effects of age on imaging-based ATN biomarkers and cognition in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive reserve aims to explain individual differences in the susceptibility to the functional impact of dementia in the presence of equal amount of neuropathological damage. It is thought to be shaped by a combination of innate individual differences and lifetime exposures. Which determinants are associated with cognitive reserve remains unknown.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, physical, and psychosocial determinants with cognitive reserve, and potential sex differences.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 4,309 participants from the Rotterdam Study (mean age 63.9±10.7) between 2006-2016. Participants completed five cognitive tests and a brain MRI-scan. Cognitive reserve was defined as a latent variable that captures variance common across five cognitive tests, while adjusting for demographic and MRI-inferred neuropathological factors. The associations of potential determinants and cognitive reserve, adjusted for relevant confounders, were assessed with structural equation models.
resultsCurrent smoking (adjusted mean difference: -0.31, 95%confidence interval -0.42; -0.19), diabetes mellitus (-0.25, -0.40; -0.10) and depressive symptoms (-0.07/SD, -0.12; -0.03) were associated with a lower cognitive reserve whereas alcohol use (0.07/SD, 0.03; 0.12) was associated with higher cognitive reserve. Only smoking was associated with cognitive reserve in both men and women. Employment, alcohol use, diabetes, history of cancer, COPD, and depressive symptoms were only associated with cognitive reserve in women.
conclusionOur study found that current smoking, diabetes mellitus, and depressive symptoms were associated with a lower cognitive reserve, whereas more alcohol use was associated with a higher cognitive reserve, but with clear differences between men and women.
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