ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
Broadening access to naloxone: Community predictors of standing order naloxone distribution in Massachusetts.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organizational perspectives on the impacts of scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution in Kentucky.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Using naloxone saturation measures and opioid overdose burden to optimize geographic distribution of naloxone in Rhode Island.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Illicit drug supply, naloxone availability, and overdose mortality in the fentanyl era: a systematic review.Health affairs scholar · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of the Utilization of Opioid Use Treatment, Harm Reduction, and Culturally Tailored Interventions Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the United States.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- A theoretical explanation of naloxone provision among primary care physicians and community pharmacists in Tennessee.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2024Article
- Fentanyl harm reduction strategies among Latinx communities in the United States: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Pharmacy Naloxone Standing Order and Community Opioid Fatality Rates Over Time.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Policies, adaptations, and ongoing challenges to naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringe access across four-states: Findings from an environmental scan and key informant interviews.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Implementation and Evaluation of a Bystander Naloxone Training Course.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Systemized approach to equipping medical students with naloxone: a student-driven initiative to combat the opioid crisis.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Network analysis of U.S. non-fatal opioid-involved overdose journeys, 2018-2023.Applied network science · 2024Article
- Overdose Experiences Among a Sample of Women in Jail with Opioid Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- US drug overdose mortality rose faster among hispanics than non-hispanics from 2010 to 2021.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Evaluating equity in community-based naloxone access among racial/ethnic groups in Massachusetts.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- The role of increasing pharmacy and community distributed naloxone in the opioid overdose epidemic in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York City.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- A longitudinal study of naloxone opioid overdose awareness and reversal training for first-year medical students: specific elements require reinforcement.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Readmissions Among Patients With Surgically Managed Drug Use Associated-Infective Endocarditis Before and After the Implementation of an Addiction Consult Team: A Retrospective, Observational Analysis.Journal of addiction medicineObservational
- Implementing a "Naloxone Hub With Many Spokes" Model in Kentucky: Partner Agency Perspectives on Implementation Strategies.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNaloxone is a prescription medication that reverses opioid overdoses. Allowing naloxone to be dispensed directly by a pharmacist without an individual prescription under a naloxone standing order (NSO) can expand access. The community-level factors associated with naloxone dispensed under NSO are unknown.
methodsUsing a dataset comprised of pharmacy reports of naloxone dispensed under NSO from 70% of Massachusetts retail pharmacies, we examined relationships between community-level demographics, rurality, measures of treatment for opioid use disorder, and overdose deaths with naloxone dispensed under NSO per ZIP Code-quarter from 2014 until 2018. We used a multi-variable zero-inflated negative binomial model, assessing odds of any naloxone dispensed under NSO, as well as a multi-variable negative binomial model assessing quantities of naloxone dispensed under NSO.
resultsFrom 2014-2018, quantities of naloxone dispensed under NSO and the number of pharmacies dispensing any naloxone under NSO increased over time. However, communities with greater percentages of people with Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96 per 5% increase), and rural communities compared to urban communities (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.90) were less likely to dispense any naloxone by NSO. Communities with more individuals treated with buprenorphine dispensed more naloxone under NSO, as did communities with more opioid-related overdose deaths.
conclusionNaloxone dispensing has substantially increased, in part driven by standing orders. A lower likelihood of naloxone being dispensed under NSO in communities with larger Hispanic populations and in more rural communities suggests the need for more equitable access to, and uptake of, lifesaving medications like naloxone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.