ReviewBiomarker research2021
A comprehensive comparison between camelid nanobodies and single chain variable fragments.
Review in Biomarker research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-Radionuclide Conjugates for Solid Tumors: Multidimensional Strategies from Component Engineering to Synergistic Combination Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antibody format matters: A comparative analysis of VHH and scFv domains reveals superior in vivo CAR T cell function with VHH domains.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Preparation of targeted lipid nanoparticles for precision nucleic acid delivery.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Nanobody-based analysis of RhoGTPase stress response inBiotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Advances on Sensors and Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Biomarkers.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Nanobody-based targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy: fear not the future.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Human single domain antibody-based CAR-T cells targeting BAFF-R demonstrate promising preclinical activity in B-cell malignancies.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- TCR-mimic bispecific nanobody-based T cell engager targeting intracellular tumor antigens for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- The Promise of Single-Domain Antibodies as Ocular Therapeutics: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Performance difference of enrofloxacin monoclonal antibody and nanobody elicited from the same immunogen and the underlying molecular mechanism.Food chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A simple and broadly applicable nanobody-based approach to generate potent TNFR agonists.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Tiny tools closing the gap: nanobodies in research and therapy.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- A High-Affinity Nanobody Selectively Recognizing KPC-2/KPC-3: Biochemical and Structural Insights.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Bispecific and multispecific immune engagers for redirecting innate and adaptive immunity against hematologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- NanoBondy Reaction through NeissLock Anhydride Allows Covalent Immune Cell Decoration.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Non-superagonist CD28-based dual-signal T cell engager targeting.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Delving into the innate and adaptive immunity of camelids: a paradigm of interspecies adaptation and evolutionary innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanobody-Based Drug Delivery: Emerging Strategies for Targeted Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Emerging precision medicine in multiple myeloma: clinical and preclinical landscape of T cell, natural killer cell, and macrophages engaging multi-specific antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
By the emergence of recombinant DNA technology, many antibody fragments have been developed devoid of undesired properties of natural immunoglobulins. Among them, camelid heavy-chain variable domains (VHHs) and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) are the most favored ones. While scFv is used widely in various applications, camelid antibodies (VHHs) can serve as an alternative because of their superior chemical and physical properties such as higher solubility, stability, smaller size, and lower production cost. Here, these two counterparts are compared in structure and properties to identify which one is more suitable for each of their various therapeutic, diagnosis, and research applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.