Trial reportThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021
The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of digital nudging in improving dietary quality: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Marketing Practices Used in Online Grocery Shopping: Implications for WIC Online Ordering.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of food swap recommendations on the healthfulness and carbon footprint of grocery purchases in a naturalistic online store: A randomized parallel trial.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- The effect of healthier menu item price reductions in the out-of-home food sector on energy purchased and consumed: a restaurant-based pilot experiment.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- The impact of calorie labelling and proportional pricing on out of home food orders: a randomised controlled trial study using a virtual food and drink delivery app.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Trial
- Nudging Toward Sustainable and Healthy Diets: A Randomized Trial of Young Adults.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Understanding food choices and promoting healthier food options among online food delivery service users in Australia: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Family Shopping Basket Intervention: A Strategy to Reduce Obesity in Prepubertal Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Determining food choice motivations in Turkish adults: sustainable and healthy eating behavior, ecological footprint awareness, and food insecurity perspective.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Simple dietary substitutions can reduce carbon footprints and improve dietary quality across diverse segments of the US population.Nature food · 2023Article
- Planning engagement with web resources to improve diet quality and break up sedentary time for home-working employees: A mixed methods study.Journal of occupational health psychology · 2023Article
- A Little Bird Told Me… Nutri-Score Panoramas from a Flight over Europe, Connecting Science and Society.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Intervention strategies to promote healthy and sustainable food choices among parents with lower and higher socioeconomic status.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOnline grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profiling (NP) score of food choices in an online food basket. Additionally explored was whether these interventions made it more motivating and easier for consumers to select healthier foods and whether potential effects were moderated by consumer health interest.
methodsHypotheses were tested with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a simulated online supermarket. Dutch participants (n = 550) chose their preferred product out of six product options for four different categories (breakfast cereals, crackers, pizza, and muesli bars). Participants were randomly allocated to one of eight groups based on the interventions in a 2 (Nutri-Score: present, not present) X 2 (swap offer: present, not present) X 2 (norm message: present, not present) between subject design. The primary outcome was the difference in combined NP score of product choices, for which a lower score represented a healthier product.
resultsSwap offer (B = - 9.58, 95% CI: [- 12.026; - 7.132], Ƞ
conclusionsSwap offer and Nutri-Score labeling were effective in enhancing healthy purchase behavior in the online store environment.
trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN database on 02-09-2021 ( ISRCTN80519674 ).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.