Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34863104›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021

C-reactive protein velocity discriminates between acute viral and bacterial infections in patients who present with relatively low CRP concentrations.

Daniel Bernstein, Dan Coster, Shlomo Berliner, Itzhak Shapira, David Zeltser, Ori Rogowski, Amos Adler, Ora Halutz, Tal Levinson, Omri Ritter and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Daniel Bernstein *Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
Dan Coster *Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Shlomo BerlinerDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Itzhak ShapiraDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
David ZeltserDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Ori RogowskiDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Amos AdlerClinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Ora HalutzClinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Tal LevinsonDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel. tallevinson32@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-7128
Omri RitterDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Shani Shenhar-TsarfatyDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Asaf WassermanDepartments of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Tel Aviv University · ILTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center · ILBen-Gurion University of the Negev · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo assess the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) velocity to discriminate between patients with acute viral and bacterial infections who presented with relatively low CRP concentrations and were suspected of having a bacterial infection.

methodsWe analyzed a retrospective cohort of patients with acute infections who presented to the emergency department (ED) with a relatively low first CRP measurement (CRP1) ≤ 31.9 mg/L and received antibiotics shortly after. We then calculated C-reactive protein velocity (CRPv), milligram per liter per hour, for each patient based on CRP1 and the second CRP value (CRP2) measured within the first 24 h since admission. Finally, we compared CRPv between patients with bacterial and viral infections.

resultsWe have presently analyzed 74 patients with acute bacterial infections and 62 patients with acute viral infections at the mean age of 80 and 66 years respectively, 68 male and 68 female. CRP1 did not differ between both groups of patients (16.2 ± 8.6 and 14.8 ± 8.5 for patients with viral and bacterial infections respectively, p value = 0.336). However, the CRP2 was significantly different between the groups (30.2 ± 21.9 and 75.6 ± 51.3 for patients with viral and bacterial infections respectively, p-value < 0.001) and especially the CRPv was much higher in patients with acute bacterial infections compared to patients with acute viral infections (0.9 ± 1.2 and 4.4 ± 2.7 respectively, p-value < 0.001).

conclusionCRPv and CRP2 are useful biomarkers that can discriminate significantly between patients who present with acute bacterial and viral infections, and relatively low CRP concentration upon admission who were suspected of having a bacterial infection.

Indexed as

Bacterial InfectionsC-Reactive ProteinVirus DiseasesAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinBacterialC-reactive proteinDifferential diagnosisInfectionVelocityViral

Identifiers

PMID34863104
PMCPMC8643010
OpenAlexW4200310887

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.