Observational studyESC heart failure2022
Acute heart failure and iron deficiency: a prospective, multicentre, observational study.
Observational study in ESC heart failure, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of anemia on clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Iron Matters: Comparative Impact of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation and Iron Chelation on Cardiac Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- PRACTICE-HF: Implementation of an updated clinical protocol for acute heart failure.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2026Article
- Iron Balance and Cardiovascular Health: The Double-Edged Role of Deficiency and Overload.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Precipitants of Acute Heart Failure: A State-of-the-art Review from an International Expert Group.Cardiac failure review · 2026Review
- Review
- Prevalence of iron deficiency in acute and chronic heart failure according to different clinical definitions.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Iron deficiency in heart failure: Epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Review
- Imbalance of Iron Availability and Demand in Patients With Acute and Chronic Heart Failure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- [Etiology and evolution of anemia in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery].Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2024Article
- Article
- A review of cardio-pulmonary microvascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2023Article
- The Mutual Relationship among Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19: Focus on Micronutrients Imbalance.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Biofortification of Three Cultivated Mushroom Species with Three Iron Salts-Potential for a New Iron-Rich Superfood.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Acute heart failure and iron deficiency: a prospective, multicentre, observational study.ESC heart failure · 2022Observational
- Iron Deficiency and Reduced Muscle Strength in Patients with Acute and Chronic Ischemic Stroke.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe prevalence and the natural course of iron deficiency (ID) in acute heart failure (AHF) are still unclear. We investigated the prevalence of ID in unselected patients admitted with AHF on admission, at discharge and up to 3 months thereafter. METHODS AND
resultsIn this prospective, multicentre, observational study, 742 patients admitted with AHF were enrolled. The main study outcome was the percentage of patients with ID (ferritin <100 μg/L = absolute ID or ferritin 100-299 μg/L and transferrin saturation <20% = functional ID) at admission (T0), after clinical stabilization prior to discharge (T1), and 10 ± 6 weeks after discharge (T2). At T0, ID was present in 71.8% of the patients (44.1% absolute and 27.7% functional ID). At T1 and T2, ID was present in 56.4% (32.4% absolute and 24% functional ID) and 50.3% (36.8% absolute and 13.5% functional ID), respectively. Absolute ID persisted from T0 to T2 in 66% of the patients, while functional ID resolved in 56% of the patients. Ferritin (median [interquartile range] 124 μg/L [56-247] to 150 μg/L [73-277]), transferrin saturation (15% [10-20] to 18% [12-27]), and iron levels (9 μmol/L [6-13] to 11 μmol/L [8-16]) increased significantly (all P < 0.001) from T0 to T1. Transferrin saturation (to 21% [15-29]) and iron levels (to 13 μmol/L [9-17]) also increased significantly (both P < 0.01) from T1 to T2 without iron supplementation.
conclusionsIron deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with AHF, but resolves during treatment in some patients, even without iron supplementation. Absolute ID is more likely to persist over time, whereas functional ID often resolves during treatment of AHF, representing probably a reduced iron availability rather than a true deficiency.
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