ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2022
Fractures and skin lesions in pediatric abusive head trauma: a forensic multi-center study.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hair vs. fabric: substrate-dependent microbiome shifts dictate the accuracy of forensic body-fluid identification.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Forensic maceration - A comparative analysis of literature and practical application.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging-based detection of retinal hemorrhages in a multicenter cohort of abusive head trauma.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Brain lesions in pediatric abusive head trauma: prevalence, pathophysiology, patterns, and a classification system.European radiology · 2026Article
- A retrospective study of pediatric forensic trauma: sociodemographic profiles, injury patterns and medicolegal outcomes.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Article
- Pathophysiological hypotheses of the triad in abusive infant shaking: A systematic review and analysis of corroborated cases.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Article
- Knowledge of Shaken Baby Syndrome Among Polish Nurses and Midwives: A Cross-Sectional National Survey.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Temporal development of subdural collections in infants with confessed abusive head trauma: a forensic neuroimaging study.European radiology · 2025Article
- Prosecuting cases of abusive head trauma in Switzerland: a descriptive study of the impact of medical documentation and delay of reporting on judicial outcome.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical and Forensic Investigation Protocols for Diagnosing Abusive Head Trauma: A Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Abusive head trauma (AHT) and its most common variant, the shaken baby syndrome (SBS), are predominantly characterized by central nervous system-associated lesions. Relatively little data are available on the value of skeletal and skin injuries for the diagnosis of SBS or AHT. Thus, the present study retrospectively investigated 72 cases of living children diagnosed with the explicit diagnosis of SBS during medico-legal examinations at three German university institutes of legal medicine. The risk of circular reasoning was reduced by the presence of 15 cases with confession by perpetrators. Accordingly, the comparison with the 57 non-confession cases yielded no significant differences. Skeletal survey by conventional projection radiography, often incomplete, was found to be performed in 78% of the cases only. Fractures were found in 32% of the cases. The skull (43%) and ribs (48%) were affected most frequently; only 8% of the cases showed classic metaphyseal lesions. In 48% of the cases, healing fractures were present. Skin lesions (hematomas and abrasions) were found in 53% of the cases with the face (76%), scalp (26%), and trunk (50%) being the major sites. In 48% of the cases, healing skin lesions were observed. Nearly 80% of the cases with fractures also showed skin lesions. The data prove that SBS is frequently accompanied by other forms of physical abuse. Therefore, skeletal survey is indispensable and should always be done completely and according to existing imaging guidelines if child abuse is suspected.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.