ArticleScientific reports2021
Denaturation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein under non-thermal microwave radiation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can Non-Thermal Microwave Irradiation Inactivate Viruses? A Review with Some Computations.Viruses · 2026Review
- Identifying resonant frequencies of viruses for microwave-based detection and inactivation of pathogenic viruses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Direct measurement of non-thermal microwave effects on bacterial growth and redox dynamics using a novel high-throughput waveguide applicator.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2025Article
- Electromagnetic waves destabilize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and reduce SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like particle (SC2-VLP) infectivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Selected microwave irradiation effectively inactivates airborne avian influenza A(H5N1) virus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ethanol Inhalation as a Method to Denature the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of inactivation of bovine coronavirus by low-level radiofrequency irradiation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Electromagnetic deactivation spectroscopy of human coronavirus 229E.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Weak Point of SARS-CoV-2: Human and Viral Ion Channels under External Physical Fields.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of electromagnetic waves on pathogenic viruses and relevant mechanisms: a review.Virology journal · 2022Review
- Molecular dynamics simulations explore effects of electric field orientations on spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is still a widespread threat to society. The spike protein of this virus facilitates viral entry into the host cell. Here, the denaturation of the S1 subunit of this spike protein by 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation was studied quantitatively. The study only pertains to the pure electromagnetic effects by eliminating the bulk heating effect of the microwave radiation in an innovative setup that is capable of controlling the temperature of the sample at any desired intensity of the electromagnetic field. This study was performed at the internal human body temperature, 37 °C, for a relatively short amount of time under a high-power electromagnetic field. The results showed that irradiating the protein with a 700 W, 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field for 2 min can denature the protein to around 95%. In comparison, this is comparable to thermal denaturation at 75 °C for 40 min. Electromagnetic denaturation of the proteins of the virus may open doors to potential therapeutic or sanitation applications.
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