ArticleBMJ open2021
Depressive symptoms in adults in rural and urban regions of Canada: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mood, anxiety, and neurocognitive disorders in older adults: sex, geographic context, and healthcare setting considerations.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Evaluating methods to define place of residence in Canadian administrative data and the impact on observed associations with all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Effect of depression combined with cognitive impairment on dependency risk in rural older adults: analysis of data from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS 2020).BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Mental health and addiction concerns in northern Ontario: A cross-sectional study of sociodemographic predictors, access barriers, and service needs.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Depressive symptoms among the oldest-old in China: a study on rural-urban differences.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Decomposing rural-urban differences in depression prevalence: a cross-sectional analysis of two community-based southern Indian cohorts.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Article
- Decomposing the rural-urban differences in depression among multimorbid older patients in India: evidence from a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Regional differences in the effects of healthy aging on depressive symptoms: a Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006-2020).Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mapping Health Disparities in 11 High-Income Nations.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adults.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Article
- Emotions and Food Consumption: Emotional Eating Behavior in a European Population.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: an institution-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with the depressive symptoms in rural and urban Mexican older adults: evidence from the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2018.Salud publica de Mexico · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPrevious studies on depression in rural areas have yielded conflicting results. Features of rural areas may be conducive or detrimental to mental health. Our objective for this study was to determine if there are rural-urban disparities in depressive symptoms between those living in rural and urban areas of Canada.
designWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study, which is as representative as possible of the Canadian population-the Tracking Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. For this cohort, data were collected from 2010 to 2014. Data were analysed and results were obtained in 2020.
participants21 241 adults aged 45-85. MEASURES: Rurality was grouped as urban (n=11 772); peri-urban (n=2637); mixed (n=2125; postal codes with both rural and urban areas); and rural (n=4707). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression. We considered age, sex, education, marital status and disease states as potential confounding factors.
resultsThe adjusted beta coefficient was -0.24 (95% CI -0.42 to -0.07; p=0.01) for rural participants, -0.17 (95% CI -0.40 to 0.05; p=0.14) for peri-urban participants and -0.30 (95% CI -0.54 to -0.05; p=0.02) for participants in mixed regions, relative to urban regions. Risk factors associated with depressive symptoms were similar in rural and urban regions.
conclusionsThe small differences in depressive symptoms among those living in rural and urban regions are unlikely to be relevant at a clinical or population level. The findings do suggest some possible approaches to reducing depressive symptoms in both rural and urban populations. Future research is needed in other settings and on change in depressive symptoms over time.
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