Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34861940›Full record

ArticleThe Enzymes2021

Retroviral integrase: Structure, mechanism, and inhibition.

Dario Oliveira Passos, Min Li, Robert Craigie, Dmitry Lyumkis

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Enzymes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Virotherapy as Gene Deliver for Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Review Article.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Dario Oliveira PassosThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Min LiNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Robert CraigieNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Dmitry LyumkisThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: dlyumkis@salk.edu.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases · USNational Institutes of Health · USSalk Institute for Biological Studies · USScripps Research Institute · US

Funding

X-ray Crystallographic Fragment Screening CoreU54AI150472 · NIAID · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI SARAFIANOS, STEFAN G · 2019 to 2021
$15.7M
X-ray Crystallographic Fragment Screening CoreU54GM103368 · NIGMS · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI SARAFIANOS, STEFAN G, TORBETT, BRUCE EDWARD · 2017 to 2018
$11.1M
Resource for Biocomputing Visualization and InformaticsP41GM103311 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI FERRIN, THOMAS E · 2012 to 2017
$8.2M
Structural basis for activity of and resistance to HIV integrase inhibitorsR01AI136680 · NIAID · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI LYUMKIS, DMITRY · 2017 to 2021
$3.5M
Novel mechanism of integrase (IN) resistance to Dolutegravir through epistatic interactions between IN and the nucleocapsid and polypurine tract regions of HIV-1R01AI146017 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HACHIYA, ATSUKO, LYUMKIS, DMITRY · 2019 to 2023
$2.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI136680NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146017NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI150472NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103311NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM103368
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The retroviral protein Integrase (IN) catalyzes concerted integration of viral DNA into host chromatin to establish a permanent infection in the target cell. We learned a great deal about the mechanism of catalytic integration through structure/function studies over the previous four decades of IN research. As one of three essential retroviral enzymes, IN has also been targeted by antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV-infected individuals. Inhibitors blocking the catalytic integration reaction are now state-of-the-art drugs within the antiretroviral therapy toolkit. HIV-1 IN also performs intriguing non-catalytic functions that are relevant to the late stages of the viral replication cycle, yet this aspect remains poorly understood. There are also novel allosteric inhibitors targeting non-enzymatic functions of IN that induce a block in the late stages of the viral replication cycle. In this chapter, we will discuss the function, structure, and inhibition of retroviral IN proteins, highlighting remaining challenges and outstanding questions.

Indexed as

HIV-1HIV Integrase InhibitorsAnti-Retroviral AgentsDNA, ViralHumansRetroviridaeAnti-Retroviral AgentsDNA, ViralHIV Integrase InhibitorsAntiretroviral therapyDrug designEnzymeHydrolaseRetrovirus

Identifiers

PMID34861940
PMCPMC8732146
OpenAlexW3215253628

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.