Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34861894›Full record

SynthesisAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2021

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and its clinical implications in Ethiopia: a systematic review.

Derbew Fikadu Berhe, Getachew Tesfaye Beyene, Berhanu Seyoum, Meseret Gebre, Kassa Haile, Mulugeta Tsegaye, Minyahil Tadesse Boltena, Emawayish Tesema, Taddele Cherinet Kibret, Mulatu Biru and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Derbew Fikadu BerheCollege of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Getachew Tesfaye BeyeneArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Berhanu SeyoumArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. berhanu.seyoum@ahri.gov.et.ORCID 0000-0002-0254-2888
Meseret GebreArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Kassa HaileArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mulugeta TsegayeDepartment of Internal Medicine, ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Minyahil Tadesse BoltenaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Emawayish TesemaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Taddele Cherinet KibretDepartment of Statistics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mulatu BiruArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dawd S SirajDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, USA.
Daniel ShirleyDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, USA.
Rawleigh HoweArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Alemseged AbdissaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Armauer Hansen Research Institute · ETUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USAddis Ababa University · ETAll Africa Leprosy Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre · ETMekelle University · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health challenges in Ethiopia. However, there is no comprehensive summary of existing AMR data in the country.

aimTo determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and its clinical implications in Ethiopia.

methodsA systematic literature search was performed on the PubMed/Medline database. Original studies on antimicrobial resistance conducted in Ethiopia between 1st January 2009 and 31st July 2019 were included. The outcome measure was the number of isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents in terms of specific pathogens, and disease condition. Data was calculated as total number of resistant isolates relative to the total number of isolates per specific pathogen and medication.

resultsA total of 48,021 study participants enrolled from 131 original studies were included resulting in 15,845 isolates tested for antimicrobial resistance. The most common clinical sample sources were urine (28%), ear, nose, and throat discharge collectively (27%), and blood (21%). All the studies were cross-sectional and 83% were conducted in hospital settings. Among Gram-positive bacteria, the reported level of resistance to vancomycin ranged from 8% (Enterococcus species) to 20% (S. aureus). E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were the most common Gram-negative pathogens resistant to key antimicrobial agents described in the national standard treatment guideline and were associated with diverse clinical conditions: urinary tract infections, diarrhea, surgical site infections, pneumonia, ocular infections, and middle ear infections.

conclusionOverall, there is a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia. Empirical treatment of bacterial infections needs to be guided by up-to-date national guidelines considering local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Equipping diagnostic laboratories with culture and drug susceptibility testing facilities, and establishing a strong antimicrobial stewardship program should be high priorities.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial InfectionsEthiopiaGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsGram-Positive BacteriaGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrevalenceAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibacterial resistanceAntibiotic resistanceDrug resistanceEthiopiaSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID34861894
PMCPMC8642948
OpenAlexW3216833110

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.