Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34861851›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Circumstances and toxicology of violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system: a data linkage study.

Melissa Willoughby, Jesse T Young, Katie Hail-Jares, Matthew J Spittal, Rohan Borschmann, George Patton, Susan M Sawyer, Emilia Janca, Linda Teplin, Ed Heffernan and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Melissa WilloughbyMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia. mwilloughby@student.unimelb.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-4360-2605
Jesse T YoungMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
Katie Hail-JaresSchool of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Matthew J SpittalMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
Rohan BorschmannMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
George PattonMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
Susan M SawyerMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
Emilia JancaMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
Linda TeplinFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
Ed HeffernanForensic Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia.
Stuart A KinnerMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Justice Health Unit, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Parkville, Victoria, 3053, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundYoung people who have had contact with the youth justice system have an increased risk of dying from violence. Examining the context of violence-related deaths is essential in informing prevention strategies. We examined the circumstances and toxicology of violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system in Queensland, Australia.

methodsThis data linkage study linked youth justice records from Queensland, Australia (30 June 1993-1 July 2014) on 48,670 young people to national death and coroner records (1 July 2000-1 January 2017). Circumstances and toxicology of deaths were coded from coroner's records. We calculated the incidence of violence-related deaths that were reported to a coroner. Fisher's exact tests were used to examine crude differences in the circumstances and toxicology of violence-related death, according to sex and Indigenous status.

resultsThere were 982 deaths reported to a coroner in the cohort. Of which, 36 (4%) were from violence-related causes (incidence: 6 per 100,000 person-years, 95% confidence interval: 4-8). People who died from violence were most frequently male (n = 28/36; 78%), and almost half were Indigenous (n = 16/36; 44%). The majority of violence-related deaths involved a weapon (n = 24/36; 67%), most commonly a knife (n = 17/36; 47%). Compared to men where the violent incident was most frequently preceded by an altercation (n = 12/28; 43%), for women it was frequently preceded by a relationship breakdown or argument (n < 5; p = 0.004). Substances most commonly present in toxicology reports were cannabis (n = 16/23; 70%) and alcohol (n = 15/23; 65%).

conclusionsTherapeutic alcohol and other drug programs, both in the community and detention, are likely important for reducing violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system. The majority of violence-related deaths among women were in the context of intimate partner violence, indicating the urgent need for interventions that prevent intimate partner violence in this population. Diversion programs and increased investment in health and social services may reduce the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the youth justice system and in violence-related deaths.

Indexed as

HomicideSuicideAdolescentCause of DeathFemaleHumansInformation Storage and RetrievalMalePopulation SurveillanceViolenceDeathHomicideMedio-legalToxicologyViolenceYoung people

Identifiers

PMID34861851
PMCPMC8642952

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.