ReviewImmunity, inflammation and disease2022
Immunomodulation of COVID-19 severity by helminth co-infection: Implications for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.
Review in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Prior Exposure to Anisakis simplex Antigens on Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.Parasite immunology · 2026Article
- Helminth Antigens Modulate Virus-Induced Activation of CD154 (CD40L) Expression on T Cells inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Helminth Seropositivity Inversely Correlated with Th1 and Th17 Cytokines and Severe COVID-19.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Analysis of Nirmatrelvir Entry into Pulmonary Lining Fluid in Patients with COVID-19: A Unique Perspective to Explore and Understand the Target Plasma Concentration of 292 ng/mL in Antiviral Activity.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Opisthorchis viverrini coinfections: insights into immune responses and clinical outcomes.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Importance of Balanced Attention Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Neglected Tropical Diseases.Yonsei medical journal · 2023Review
- Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD).Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Negative association between ascaris lumbricoides seropositivity and Covid-19 severity: insights from a study in Benin.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Infection with soil-transmitted helminths and their impact on coinfections.Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Review
- The Potential Nexus between Helminths and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Literature Review.Journal of immunology research · 2023Review
- A New Role for Old Friends: Effects of Helminth Infections on Vaccine Efficacy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Immunomodulation of COVID-19 severity by helminth co-infection: Implications for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- Protozoan co-infections and parasite influence on the efficacy of vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an emerging virus in late 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a catastrophic effect, resulting in an unprecedented global crisis. The immunopathology of COVID-19 appears to be clearly associated with a dysregulated immune response leading to organ failure and death. Similarly, over two billion people worldwide are infected with helminth, with those living in low-middle-income countries disproportionately affected. Helminth infections have been shown to possess immunomodulatory effects in several conditions. Helminth co-infection in COVID-19 patients is one of the potential reasons for global attention to answer why COVID-19 severity is still lower in helminth endemic countries. Recent studies have shown that helminth endemic countries showed fewer cases and deaths so far and helminth co-infection might reduce the severity of COVID-19. Moreover, lessons from other diseases with helminth co-infection have been shown to substantially reduce vaccine efficacy that could also be implicated for COVID-19. This immunomodulatory effect of helminth has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous which could decrease the severity of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccine efficacy respectively. Herewith, we discuss the overview of COVID-19 immune response, immunomodulatory effects of helminth co-infections in COVID-19, lessons from other diseases, and perspectives on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.