Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34861102›Full record

ReviewEpilepsia open2022

Drug-resistant epilepsy and the hypothesis of intrinsic severity: What about the high-frequency oscillations?

Cesar E Santana-Gomez, Jerome Engel, Richard Staba

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Epilepsia open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Genetic Polymorphisms inPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Association between Genetic Polymorphism ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024
    Article
  8. Networks through the lens of high-frequency oscillations.Frontiers in network physiology · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Cesar E Santana-GomezDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9163-5615
Jerome EngelDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Richard StabaDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

IN VIVO STUDIES OF THE EPILEPTIC HIPPOCAMPUSR01NS033310 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JEROME NONE ENGEL, Richard Staba · 1994 to 2026
$7.5M
Defining the Epileptogenic Network and Identifying Which Components Generate SeizuresR01NS106957 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Richard Staba · 2018 to 2026
$3.4M
IN VIVO STUDIES OF THE EPILEPTIC HIPPOCAMPUSR37NS033310 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ENGEL, JEROME NONE · 2004 to 2010
$3.2M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS033310NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS106957NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS033310
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately one-third of the patients with epilepsy. Based on experimental findings from animal models and brain tissue from patients with DRE, different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cause(s) of drug resistance. One is the intrinsic severity hypothesis that posits that drug resistance is an inherent property of epilepsy related to disease severity. Seizure frequency is one measure of epilepsy severity, but frequency alone is an incomplete measure of severity and does not fully explain basic research and clinical studies on drug resistance; thus, other measures of epilepsy severity are needed. One such measure could be pathological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), which are believed to reflect the neuronal disturbances responsible for the development of epilepsy and the generation of spontaneous seizures. In this manuscript, we will briefly review the intrinsic severity hypothesis, describe basic and clinical research on HFOs in the epileptic brain, and based on this evidence discuss whether HFOs could be a clinical measure of epilepsy severity. Understanding the mechanisms of DRE is critical for producing breakthroughs in the development and testing of novel strategies for treatment.

Indexed as

Brain WavesDrug Resistant EpilepsyEpilepsyAnimalsElectroencephalographySeizuresdrug-resistant epilepsyEEGepilepsyepilepsy severity

Identifiers

PMID34861102
PMCPMC9340307
OpenAlexW3217409527

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.