Observational studyScandinavian journal of immunology2022
High CD4-to-CD8 ratio identifies an at-risk population susceptible to lethal COVID-19.
Observational study in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid on Cellular Immune Responses to Experimental Sleep Restriction in Healthy Humans.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Trial
- Long-term immune changes after COVID-19 and the effect of BCG vaccination and latent infections on disease severity.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Ad5-nCoV boosted vaccine and reinfection-induced memory T/B cell responses and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2: based on two prospective cohorts.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- CD4/CD8 Ratio: An Independent Predictor of Herpes Zoster in Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.Annals of dermatology · 2024Article
- Identifying risk factors for severe omicron infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with hematologic malignancies.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
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- Combined coagulation and inflammation markers as predictors of venous thrombo-embolism and death in COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Pre-existing cell populations with cytotoxic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV and normal CD4/CD8 ratio previously unexposed to the virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Nasopharynx Battlefield: Cellular Immune Responses Mediated by Midkine in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and COVID-19.Cancers · 2023Review
- Mitigation of influenza-mediated inflammation by immunomodulatory matrix-bound nanovesicles.Science advances · 2023Article
- Assessment of immune cell profiles among post-menopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative using DNA methylation-based methods.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- The Impact of Past COVID-19 Infection on Selected Lymphocyte Subsets in Pediatric Patients.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Clinical features of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants infection associated with co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in ICU patients.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Hepcidin and ferritin levels as markers of immune cell activation during septic shock, severe COVID-19 and sterile inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Comparison of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mouse and Syrian golden hamster models.Disease models & mechanisms · 2022Article
- High CD4-to-CD8 ratio identifies an at-risk population susceptible to lethal COVID-19.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Observational
- Prognostic value of soluble endoglin in patients with septic shock and severe COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Individuals With Higher CD4/CD8 Ratio Exhibit Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and In-Hospital Mortality During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Around half of people with severe COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment will survive, but it is unclear how the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 differs between ICU patients that recover and those that do not. We conducted whole-blood immunophenotyping of COVID-19 patients upon admission to ICU and during their treatment and uncovered marked differences in their circulating immune cell subsets. At admission, patients who later succumbed to COVID-19 had significantly lower frequencies of all memory CD8+ T cell subsets, resulting in increased CD4-to-CD8 T cell and neutrophil-to-CD8 T cell ratios. ROC and Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated that both CD4-to-CD8 and neutrophil-to-CD8 ratios at admission were strong predictors of in-ICU mortality. Therefore, we propose the use of the CD4-to-CD8 T cell ratio as a marker for the early identification of those individuals likely to require enhanced monitoring and/or pro-active intervention in ICU.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.