ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2022
Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure: A Case-Cohort Analysis Among Never-Smokers in Denmark.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxic heavy metal exposure and heart health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 324,331 patients.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- The environmental exposome in heart failure risk and progression.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Circulating multiple metals and mortality after myocardial infarction: incremental value beyond GRACE.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Overview of Ferroptosis in Cadmium Toxicity.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Cobalt mediates stage-specific toxicity of metal mixtures in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Association of Cadmium Exposure with Cardiovascular Disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Survey of practices of handling exposure measurement errors in modern epidemiology: are the best practices in statistics being adopted by epidemiologists?BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Urinary Metal Levels and Incident Heart Failure: A Multi-Cohort Analysis.JACC. Heart failure · 2025Article
- Associations between urinary and blood heavy metal exposure and heart failure in elderly adults: Insights from an interpretable machine learning model based on NHANES (2003-2020).International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Association between heavy metal exposure and heart failure incidence and mortality: insights from NHANES data (2003-2018).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Current Understanding of Sex Differences in Metal-Induced Diseases.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Environmental Heavy Metal Exposure and Associated Cardiovascular Diseases in Light of the Triglyceride Glucose Index.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Dietary Minerals and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes among Never-Smokers in a Danish Case-Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Urinary cadmium was linearly and positively associated with cardiac infarction/injury score and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population without cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease.International urology and nephrology · 2024Article
- Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association of urinary bisphenol A levels with heart failure risk in U.S. adults from the NHANES (2003-2016).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Urine antimony and risk of cardiovascular disease - A prospective case-cohort study in Danish Non-Smokers.Environment international · 2023Article
- Contaminant Metals as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Evidence Linking Cadmium Exposure and βToxics · 2023Article
- Urinary cadmium concentrations and intake of nutrients, food groups and dietary patterns in women from Northern Mexico.Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic studies suggest cadmium exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, including heart failure. However, prior findings may be influenced by tobacco smoking, a dominant source of cadmium exposure and risk factor for heart failure. The present study leverages up to 20 years of follow-up in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort to examine the relationship between urinary cadmium and incident heart failure among people who never smoked.
methodsBetween 1993 and 1997, 19,394 never-smoking participants (ages 50-64 years) enrolled and provided a urine sample. From this sample, we randomly selected a subcohort of 600 men and 600 women and identified 958 incident heart failure cases occurring between baseline and 2015. Using a case-cohort approach, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for heart failure in Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale.
resultsParticipants had relatively low concentrations of urinary cadmium, as expected for never smokers (median = 0.20; 25th, 75th = 0.13, 0.32 μg cadmium/g creatinine). In adjusted models, we found that higher urinary cadmium was associated with a higher rate of incident heart failure overall (aHR = 1.1 per interquartile range difference [95% CI = 1.0, 1.2). In sex-stratified analyses, the association seemed restricted to men (aHR = 1.5 [95% CI = 1.2, 1.9]).
conclusionsIn this cohort of people who never smoked tobacco, environmental cadmium was positively associated with incident heart failure, especially among men.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.