ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2023
Sex Differences in Autism: Examining Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a National ASD Cohort.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Autistic Youth Born Extremely Preterm.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Delayed Milestones and Demographic Factors Relate to the Accuracy of Autism Screening in Females Using Spoken Language.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Relations Between Preferential Looking to Synchronous Audiovisual Speech and Expressive Language in Infants With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2026Article
- Initial Analysis of the Effectiveness of Compass-Behavioral for Autistic Youth: A Community-Based Retrospective Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Caregiver report of infant behavior associated with autism likelihood in first year of life.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Current situation and influencing factors of Chinese children's diagnosis delay in autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Autistic Women Across the Lifespan: Childhood vs. Adulthood Diagnosis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Clinician-caregiver informant discrepancy is associated with sex, diagnosis age, and intervention use among autistic children.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- A computational cognitive neuroscience approach for characterizing individual differences in autism: Introduction to Special Issue.Personality neuroscience · 2025Article
- Flourishing and Functional Difficulties among Autistic Youth: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sex differences in early autism screening using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F).Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Sex differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with different levels of autistic traits.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Developmental Trajectories of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current developmental disorders reports · 2023Article
- Measurement invariance of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) across sex in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023Article
- Evaluating causal psychological models: A study of language theories of autism using a large sample.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders among US children and adolescents in 2019 and 2020.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Role of Gender and Strong Interests in Self-Reported Camouflaging of Autistic Adults.Neurodiversity (Thousand Oaks (Ventura County, Calif.))Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Discernment of possible sex-based variations in presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms is limited by smaller female samples with ASD and confounds with ASD ascertainment. A large national cohort of individuals with autism, SPARK, allowed parent report data to be leveraged to examine whether intrinsic child characteristics and extrinsic factors differentially impact males and females with ASD. Small but consistent sex differences in individuals with ASD emerged related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with different markers for males and females. Language concerns in males may make discernment of ASD more straightforward, while early motor concerns in females may hamper diagnosis as such delays are not identified within traditional ASD diagnostic criteria.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.