ArticleNeuro-oncology advances2021
The microenvironment of brain metastases from solid tumors.
Article in Neuro-oncology advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- The emerging roles of cerebral pericytes in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Deciphering lung cancer at high resolution: a narrative review of applications of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics sequencing.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Future directions in the treatment of brain metastases: evaluating the role of cellular players in the tumour microenvironment.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Discontinuation of combo immunotherapy and outcome of patients with melanoma brain metastases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle miR-425-5p (miR-425) Promotes Brain Metastasis via Activating Astrocytes Through the Novel miR-425-ZNF24-CCL8 Signaling Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Scaffold-free 3D-cell co-culture model system for the study of metastatic cancer in the brain TME.PloS one · 2026Article
- Bacteria-related signals in brain metastases: evidence boundaries, tumor-microenvironment remodeling, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Host's immune response to primary tumours and concomitant brain metastases in the central nervous system.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2026Article
- Cortical organoid-derived models of the melanoma brain metastatic niche enable prioritization of cancer-targeting drugs.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Overexpression of GM3 and Ganglioside Pattern Remodeling in Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastases Identified by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Scaffold-free 3D-Cell Co-Culture Model System for the Study of Metastatic Cancer Cell Behavior in the Brain TME.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Tumor cells upregulate neurotransmitter GABA in the choroid plexus through STAT6-Bestrophin1 signaling, promoting leptomeningeal dissemination.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- The epigenetic landscape of brain metastasis.Oncogene · 2025Review
- Autonomic modulation of the immune response and implications for CNS malignancies.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Tumor Microenvironment in Melanoma Brain Metastasis: A New Potential Target?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Multi-institutional atlas of brain metastases informs spatial modeling for precision imaging and personalized therapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Bayesian-Optimized Convolutional Neural Networks for Classifying Primary Tumor Origin of Brain Metastases from MRI.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- [Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Neural Signals in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Metastasis: Communication Hijacking Based Perspective].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is an area of unmet medical need that poses unique therapeutic challenges and heralds a dismal prognosis. The intracranial tumor microenvironment (TME) presents several challenges, including the therapy-resistant blood-brain barrier, a unique immune milieu, distinct intercellular interactions, and specific metabolic conditions, that are responsible for treatment failures and poor clinical outcomes. There is a complex interplay between malignant cells that metastasize to the central nervous system (CNS) and the native TME. Cancer cells take advantage of vascular, neuronal, immune, and anatomical vulnerabilities to proliferate with mechanisms specific to the CNS. In this review, we discuss unique aspects of the TME in the context of brain metastases and pathways through which the TME may hold the key to the discovery of new and effective therapies for patients with BrM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.