ReviewNeuro-oncology advances
Leptomeningeal disease in neurosurgical brain metastases patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Preoperative versus postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) after resection of brain metastases: results of the multicenter SUBAROMA study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Local control and leptomeningeal disease after resection and GammaTile brachytherapy for newly diagnosed brain metastases: results from a prospective registry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Observational
- Preoperative Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: A Prospective Pilot Study at a Single Institution.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Fate of Brain Metastasis With Cerebrospinal Fluid Space Invasion Based on MRI Findings: Clinical Features and Factors Affecting Progression to Overt Leptomeningeal Metastasis.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2026Article
- Comment on: "Neoadjuvant gamma knife surgery for metastatic brain tumor: clinical use and impact on leptomeningeal seeding".Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Upfront frameless hypofractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for large posterior Fossa metastases.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Patterns of Recurrence After Postoperative Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases.Cancers · 2025Article
- Cerebral spinal fluid analyses and therapeutic implications for leptomeningeal metastatic disease.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Leptomeningeal metastatic disease: new frontiers and future directions.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Cancer neuroscience and glioma: clinical implications.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical Implication of Brain Metastases En-Bloc Resection: Surgical Technique Description and Literature Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Defining the role of surgery for patients with multiple brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- The path to leptomeningeal metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- The anatomic basis of leptomeningeal metastasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Genomic alterations associated with postoperative nodular leptomeningeal disease after resection of brain metastases.Journal of neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Review
- Identification of risk factors associated with leptomeningeal disease after resection of brain metastases.Journal of neurosurgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a complication distinguished by progression of metastatic disease into the leptomeninges and subsequent spread via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although treatments for LMD exist, it is considered fatal with a median survival of 2-4 months. A broader overview of the risk factors that increase the brain metastasis (BM) patient's risk of LMD is needed. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and quantitatively assess risk factors for LMD after surgical resection for BM.
methodsA systematic literature search was performed on 7 May 2021. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model for variables reported by three or more studies.
resultsAmong 503 studies, thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria with a total surgical sample size of 2105 patients, of which 386 patients developed LMD. The median incidence of LMD across included studies was 16.1%. Eighteen unique risk factors were reported as significantly associated with LMD occurrence, including but not limited to: larger tumor size, infratentorial BM location, proximity of BM to cerebrospinal fluid spaces, ventricle violation during surgery, subtotal or piecemeal resection, and postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery. Pooled results demonstrated that breast cancer as the primary tumor location (HR = 2.73, 95% CI: 2.12-3.52) and multiple BMs (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18-1.58) were significantly associated with a higher risk of LMD occurrence.
conclusionBreast cancer origin and multiple BMs increase the risk of LMD occurrence after neurosurgery. Several other risk factors which might play a role in LMD development were also identified.
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