ReviewMicrosystems & nanoengineering2021
A comparative review of artificial muscles for microsystem applications.
Review in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A soft perceptive multimodal locomotion robot via double-helix fiber-reinforced artificial muscles.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
- Actomyosin-Based Nanodevices for Sensing and Actuation: Bridging Biology and Bioengineering.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Thermally Actuated Soft Robotics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Materials Advances in Devices for Heart Disease Interventions.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Digital light processing 3D printing of flexible devices: actuators, sensors and energy devices.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Wearable Soft Robots: Case Study of Using Shape Memory Alloys in Rehabilitation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Synergistic Adhesion and Shape Deformation in Nanowire-Structured Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Bio-inspired carbon-based artificial muscle with precise and continuous morphing capabilities.National science review · 2025Article
- Liquid-Gas Phase Transition Actuator: Rejuvenation Procedure Extended and Open-Air Performance.Polymers · 2024Article
- Conducting polymer hydrogels for biomedical application: Current status and outstanding challenges.APL bioengineering · 2024Review
- Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced PEDOT: PSS Hybrid Electrodes for High-Performance Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuator.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Current status and future application of electrically controlled micro/nanorobots in biomedicine.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Sustainable Elastomers for Actuators: "Green" Synthetic Approaches and Material Properties.Polymers · 2023Review
- Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Artificial muscles are capable of generating actuation in microsystems with outstanding compliance. Recent years have witnessed a growing academic interest in artificial muscles and their application in many areas, such as soft robotics and biomedical devices. This paper aims to provide a comparative review of recent advances in artificial muscle based on various operating mechanisms. The advantages and limitations of each operating mechanism are analyzed and compared. According to the unique application requirements and electrical and mechanical properties of the muscle types, we suggest suitable artificial muscle mechanisms for specific microsystem applications. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for energy delivery, conversion, and storage to promote the energy autonomy of microrobotic systems at a system level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.