ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia for patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Perspectives.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- Inefficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias: Results from a Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Animal Models.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Electroacupuncture for motor dysfunction and constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised controlled multi-centre trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Research progress on the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widely studied non-invasive neuromodulation technology to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Many studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation has beneficial effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and is patient-tolerable, barely with reported adverse effects. Changes in brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter, neurorestoration, and blood flow modulation could play crucial roles in the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The appearance of new modes and application for emerging targets are possible solutions for transcranial magnetic stimulation to achieve sustained efficacy. Since the sample size in all available studies is small, more randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to elucidate the specific treatment mechanisms and optimize treatment parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.