ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021
A Revised Framework for the Investigation of Expectation Update Versus Maintenance in the Context of Expectation Violations: The ViolEx 2.0 Model.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of Physician Behaviors on How Patients Interpret Normal Test Results.Annals of family medicine · 2026Article
- From Expectation to Learning: A Mediational Model of Exposure Therapy Outcome in Anxiety Disorders.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Two pathways to resolve relational inconsistencies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coping with failures: how emotions, individual traits, expectation-importance and prior experience affect reactions to violated achievement expectations.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Processing of social exclusion in a strict hierarchy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Uncertainty of treatment efficacy moderates placebo effects on reinforcement learning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Review of Transdiagnostic Mechanisms in Cognitive Behavior Therapy.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Preexposure to one social threat alters responses to another social threat: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Electrophysiological evidence for sensitization effects elicited by concurrent social threats.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Role of Expectancy Violation in Extinction Learning: A Two-Day Online Fear Conditioning Study.Clinical psychology in Europe · 2023Article
- Article
- The relationship between multiple traumatic events and the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms - evidence for a cognitive link.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- Influences on change in expected and actual health behaviors among first-year university students.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Expectations do not need to be accurate to be maintained: Valence and need for cognitive closure predict expectation update vs. persistence.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Better than expected? Predictors of coping with expectation violations in the communication about death and dying.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- From Loss of Control to Social Exclusion: ERP Effects of Preexposure to a Social Threat in the Cyberball Paradigm.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- No Evidence for the Involvement of Cognitive Immunisation in Updating Beliefs About the Self in Three Non-Clinical Samples.Cognitive therapy and research · 2022Article
- Operation makalu air crash: influence of cognitive and human factors on decision-making.Forensic sciences research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, individuals can respond by either updating or maintaining their prior expectations in light of the new evidence. Moreover, proactive and reactive behavior can change the probability with which individuals encounter expectation confirmations or violations. The investigation of predictors and mechanisms underlying expectation update and maintenance has been approached from many research perspectives. However, in many instances there has been little exchange between different research fields. To further advance research on expectations and expectation violations, collaborative efforts across different disciplines in psychology, cognitive (neuro)science, and other life sciences are warranted. For fostering and facilitating such efforts, we introduce the ViolEx 2.0 model, a revised framework for interdisciplinary research on cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of expectation update and maintenance in the context of expectation violations. To support different goals and stages in interdisciplinary exchange, the ViolEx 2.0 model features three model levels with varying degrees of specificity in order to address questions about the research synopsis, central concepts, or functional processes and relationships, respectively. The framework can be applied to different research fields and has high potential for guiding collaborative research efforts in expectation research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.