Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34858022›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Focus on Early COPD: Definition and Early Lung Development.

Weichang Yang, Fengyuan Li, Can Li, Jiaqi Meng, Ying Wang

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07065162 (Combined Effects of Subtle Touch Technique and Active Cycle of Breathing Technique in COPD), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07065162 narecruitingnot on this map

Combined Effects of Subtle Touch Technique and Active Cycle of Breathing Technique in COPD

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled44ConditionsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseArmsSubtle Touch Technique, Active Cycle of Breathing Technique
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Definitions of early COPD and predictors for disease progression: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Small Airway Disease in Pre-COPD and Early COPD: Insights Into the Pulmonary "Silent Zone".International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Lung Health of Early COPD (LHEC): A Multi-Center Cohort Study-Rational and Design.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025
    Article
  14. Unveiling the Prognostic Power of HRR in ICU-Admitted COPD Patients: A MIMIC-IV Database Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Weichang YangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Fengyuan LiDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Can LiDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Jiaqi MengDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Ying WangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with high incidence rate and mortality rates worldwide. It is the third leading cause of death in the world. Nevertheless, little progress has been made in treating and preventing the disease. Under these circumstances, the concept of "early COPD" was proposed. Although this concept is not new, most health-care workers do not fully understand early COPD and tend to confuse it with mild COPD. In this review, we mainly discuss the definition of early COPD and the developmental trajectory of lung function. Although patients with early COPD have no symptoms, their lung function is already lower than that of normal people. A relatively complete definition is needed to identify this group of people. Reduced lung function is the diagnostic criterion for COPD, but lung development is a long-term dynamic process. In addition to smoking and air pollution, we should pay more attention to prenatal and childhood risk factors, for example, parents smoking, birth weight, preterm birth, mode of delivery, childhood respiratory infections and childhood asthma. Health-care workers need to be fully aware of early COPD, to reduce the morbidity of COPD and take effective measures to prevent these risk factors.

Indexed as

Air PollutionAsthmaPremature BirthPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveChildFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornLungPregnancyRisk Factorsdefinitionearly COPDearly lung development

Identifiers

PMID34858022
PMCPMC8629909

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.