ArticleScientific reports2021
Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conditional Senescence and Longevity Mechanisms in Early-Branching Metazoans: Insights fromCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- The GFI1 Gene Family: Evolution, Structure, and Its Role in Immune Responses.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Establishment of a transgenic protocol inZoological research · 2026Article
- An ancient lysozyme in placozoans participates in acidic extracellular digestion.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The evolutionary origins of synaptic proteins and their changing roles in different organisms across evolution.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- From nociception in aneural animals to human suffering: toward a comparative biology of pain.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Review
- Microtubule organization and tubulin post-translational modifications in intact tissues and during regeneration in calcareous sponges.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Tolerance of Placozoa for temperate climates: Evidence for known and new placozoan clades in the southern waters of Australia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Placozoan secretory cell types implicated in feeding, innate immunity and regulation of behavior.PloS one · 2025Article
- Coordinated cellular behavior regulated by epinephrine neurotransmitters in the nerveless placozoa.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The placozoan Trichoplax.Nature methods · 2024Article
- Brief History of Placozoa.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- The ancestral architecture of the immune system in simplest animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Designed Multifunctional Peptides for Intracellular Targets.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Volume electron microscopy.Nature reviews. Methods primers · 2022Article
- Expanding of Life Strategies in Placozoa: Insights From Long-Term Culturing ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Placozoa is a phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. These small, flat organisms adhere to the substrate via their densely ciliated ventral epithelium, which mediates mucociliary locomotion and nutrient uptake. They have only six morphological cell types, including one, fiber cells, for which functional data is lacking. Fiber cells are non-epithelial cells with multiple processes. We used electron and light microscopic approaches to unravel the roles of fiber cells in Trichoplax adhaerens, a representative member of the phylum. Three-dimensional reconstructions of serial sections of Trichoplax showed that each fiber cell is in contact with several other cells. Examination of fiber cells in thin sections and observations of live dissociated fiber cells demonstrated that they phagocytose cell debris and bacteria. In situ hybridization confirmed that fiber cells express genes involved in phagocytic activity. Fiber cells also are involved in wound healing as evidenced from microsurgery experiments. Based on these observations we conclude that fiber cells are multi-purpose macrophage-like cells. Macrophage-like cells have been described in Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria and are widespread among Bilateria, but our study is the first to show that Placozoa possesses this cell type. The phylogenetic distribution of macrophage-like cells suggests that they appeared early in metazoan evolution.
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