ArticleScientific reports2021
Gut microbiota develop towards an adult profile in a sex-specific manner during puberty.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of Probiotic Bacteria in Prevention of Allergic Disease in Children 1999-2008
Finnish Health and Early Life Microbiota (HELMi) Longitudinal Birth Cohort
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Early-life gut dysbiosis programs divergent metabolic trajectories in a sex-dependent manner.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- PREVENT 1, a nationwide Swedish infant cohort for longitudinal gut microbiome profiling and early-life health outcomes: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Gut microbiota-targeted interventions for depression in adolescents and young adults: Mechanisms, evidence strength and clinical strategies-A narrative review.General psychiatry · 2026Review
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Too soon to grow: linking gut health to early puberty onset.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota, Diet and Lipid Metabolism in Adolescents with NAFLD and Their Role in Preventive Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Estrogen Physiology: A Review in Menopausal Health and Interventions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Infant gut microbiota coverage by different culture media.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Knowledge gaps and research priorities to understand sex differences in immunity.PLoS biology · 2026Review
- Effect of genetic line and steroidogenic capacity on response to dietary supplementation of biochar to control fat androstenone levels in boars.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Grand challenges in sex differences in immunology: problems the field must solve before biological sex can guide clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Patterns of gut microbiome composition, function and dynamics in toddlers, adolescents and adults over a three-year period.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Puberty Starts in the Gut: Intestinal Clues to Early Puberty-Rethinking Biomarkers in Pediatric Endocrinology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of gut microbiota in antibiotic resistance and prevention.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome-driven regulation of sex hormone homeostasis: a potential neuroendocrine connection.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Impact of Sex, Gonadectomy, and Repeated Restraint Stress on Gut Microbiome in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- From dysbiosis to longevity: a narrative review into the gut microbiome's impact on aging.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota may regulate sex-hormone levels in the host, with effects on reproductive health. Very little is known about the development of intestinal microbiota during puberty in humans. To assess the connection between pubertal timing and fecal microbiota, and to assess how fecal microbiota develop during puberty in comparison with adult microbiota, we utilized a Finnish allergy-prevention-trial cohort (Flora). Data collected at 13-year follow-up were compared with adult data from a different Finnish cohort. Among the 13-year-old participants we collected questionnaire information, growth data from school-health-system records and fecal samples from 148 participants. Reference adult fecal samples were received from the Health and Early Life Microbiota (HELMi) cohort (n = 840). Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; the data were correlated with pubertal timing and compared with data on adult microbiota. Probiotic intervention in the allergy-prevention-trial cohort was considered as a confounding factor only. The main outcome was composition of the microbiota in relation to pubertal timing (time to/from peak growth velocity) in both sexes separately, and similarity to adult microbiota. In girls, fecal microbiota became more adult-like with pubertal progression (p = 0.009). No such development was observed in boys (p = 0.9). Both sexes showed a trend towards increasing relative abundance of estrogen-metabolizing Clostridia and decreasing Bacteroidia with pubertal development, but this was statistically significant in girls only (p = 0.03). In girls, pubertal timing was associated positively with exposure to cephalosporins prior to the age of 10. Our data support the hypothesis that gut microbiota, particularly members of Ruminococcaceae, may affect pubertal timing, possibly via regulating host sex-hormone levels.Trial registration The registration number for the allergy-prevention-trial cohort: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00298337, registered 1 March 2006-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00298337 . The adult-comparison cohort (HELMi) is NCT03996304.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.