ArticlePloS one2021
Treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis by conditioned medium derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Native amniotic fluid promotes barrier-associated maturation of the neonatal intestine under physiological conditions.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- NAD+ metabolic collapse and arrest of epithelial development in Hirschsprung disease.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2026Article
- Thrombin-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles as a novel fetal therapy for pulmonary hypoplasia: a review on mechanisms and translational potential.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Review
- The role of amniotic epithelial cells in preterm birth: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Translating regenerative medicine therapies in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- A Review of the Use of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases: Current State and Problems with Translation to the Clinic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- New insights into the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and the dawn of potential therapeutics.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2023Review
- Necrotizing enterocolitis: recent advances in treatment with translational potential.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Review
- Harnessing the therapeutic potential of the stem cell secretome in neonatal diseases.Seminars in perinatology · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles and Perinatal Injury: One Formula for Many Diseases.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2022Review
- Stem cell therapy as a promising strategy in necrotizing enterocolitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Review
- Safety and efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature and/or low-birthweight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2022Article
- Amniotic fluid stem cells: A novel treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Amniotic Fluid: A Perspective on Promising Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most distressing gastrointestinal emergencies affecting neonates. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) improve intestinal injury and survival in experimental NEC but are difficult to administer. In this study, we evaluated whether conditioned medium (CM) derived from human AFSC have protective effects.
methodsThree groups of C57BL/6 mice were studied: (i) breast-fed mice as control; (ii) experimental NEC mice receiving PBS; and (iii) experimental NEC mice receiving CM. NEC was induced between post-natal days P5 through P9 via: (A) gavage feeding of hyperosmolar formula four-time a day; (B) 10 minutes hypoxia prior to feeds; and (C) lipopolysaccharide administration on P6 and P7. Intra-peritoneal injections of either PBS or CM were given on P6 and P7. All mice were sacrificed on P9 and terminal ileum were harvested for analyses.
resultsCM treatment increased survival and reduced intestinal damage, decreased mucosal inflammation (IL-6; TNF-α), neutrophil infiltration (MPO), and apoptosis (CC3), and also restored angiogenesis (VEGF) in the ileum. Additionally, CM treated mice had increased levels of epithelial proliferation (Ki67) and stem cell activity (Olfm4; Lgr5) compared to NEC+PBS mice, showing restored intestinal regeneration and recovery during NEC induction. CM proteomic analysis of CM content identified peptides that regulated immune and stem cell activity.
conclusionsCM derived from human AFSC administered in experimental NEC exhibited various benefits including reduced intestinal injury and inflammation, increased enterocyte proliferation, and restored intestinal stem cell activity. This study provides the scientific basis for the use of CM derived from AFSC in neonates with NEC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.