ArticleBehavior genetics2022
Genetic Risk for Smoking: Disentangling Interplay Between Genes and Socioeconomic Status.
Article in Behavior genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of tobacco use disorder identifies 461 potential risk genes and reveals associations with multiple health outcomes.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- The genetics of fibromyalgia and its relationships to psychiatric and medical traits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synergistic Effects of Early Psychosocial Factors and Polygenic Risk for Smoking: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Sample of Older Adults in the United States.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Genetic drivers of progression in Alzheimer's disease are distinct from disease risk.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study of delay discounting identifies 11 loci and reveals transdiagnostic associations across mental and physical health.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Computation and resource efficient genome-wide association analysis for large-scale imaging studies.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association studies of lifetime and frequency of cannabis use in 131,895 individuals.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genomic meta-analyses of binge-eating behavior and anorexia nervosa yield insights into the unique and shared biology of eating disorder phenotypes.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Assessing Orthogonality in Gene-Environment Interaction Studies Using Polygenic Indices.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Genetic drivers of progression in Alzheimer's disease are distinct from disease risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Computation and resource efficient genome-wide association analysis for large-scale imaging studies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic modifiers of frequent vaso-occlusive hospitalizations among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD).Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Uncovering genetic mechanisms associated with harmful use of alcohol in admixed Latin Americans.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Association of theBiology of sport · 2025Article
- The Role of the Salt-inducible Kinases in the Endocrine Glands.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Clusters of parental socioeconomic status in early childhood and inherited risk for cerebrovascular disease until mid-life-Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2025Article
- (Not So) Lost in Translation: Considering the GA4GH Diversity in Datasets Policy in the Japanese Context.Asian bioethics review · 2025Article
- Clinical, laboratory and genetic factors associated with smoking in a Brazilian Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) cohort.PloS one · 2025Article
- Alcohol Use Disorder-Associated DNA Methylation in the Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Cross-ancestry genetic investigation of schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder, and tobacco smoking.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aims to disentangle the contribution of genetic liability, educational attainment (EA), and their overlap and interaction in lifetime smoking. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UK Biobank (N = 394,718) to (i) capture variants for lifetime smoking, (ii) variants for EA, and (iii) variants that contribute to lifetime smoking independently from EA ('smoking-without-EA'). Based on the GWASs, three polygenic scores (PGSs) were created for individuals from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR, N = 17,805) and the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2, N = 3090). We tested gene-environment (G × E) interactions between each PGS, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and EA on lifetime smoking. To assess if the PGS effects were specific to smoking or had broader implications, we repeated the analyses with measures of mental health. After subtracting EA effects from the smoking GWAS, the SNP-based heritability decreased from 9.2 to 7.2%. The genetic correlation between smoking and SES characteristics was reduced, whereas overlap with smoking traits was less affected by subtracting EA. The PGSs for smoking, EA, and smoking-without-EA all predicted smoking. For mental health, only the PGS for EA was a reliable predictor. There were suggestions for G × E for some relationships, but there were no clear patterns per PGS type. This study showed that the genetic architecture of smoking has an EA component in addition to other, possibly more direct components. PGSs based on EA and smoking-without-EA had distinct predictive profiles. This study shows how disentangling different models of genetic liability and interplay can contribute to our understanding of the etiology of smoking.
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