ArticleAnnals of medicine2021
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Estimating the effects of interventions on increasing vaccination: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in adults ≥65 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in children ≤5 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on vaccine confidence and uptake: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of methotrexate hold on COVID-19 vaccine response in the patients with autoimmune inflammatory disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of COVID-19 and catch-up strategies on routine childhood vaccine coverage trends in Latin America: A systematic literature review and database analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term effect of mobile phone-based education and influencing factors of willingness to receive HPV vaccination among female freshmen in Shanxi Province, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- HPV vaccine coverage among adults aged 27-45: Implications for oropharyngeal cancer prevention.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Healthy Trust and Pandemic Readiness in the Context of Messenger RNA Vaccines: Protocol for a Sequential Deliberative Dialogue Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Predicting zero-dose vaccination status in 27 sub-Saharan African countries: a machine learning approach.BMJ health & care informatics · 2026Article
- Waning Measles Immunity and Sustained Rubella Seroprotection Among Adults in Istanbul, Türkiye.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Absorbing the shock: the role of lower-level health facilities in immunization resilience in Sidama, Ethiopia during COVID-19 pandemic.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Informing life-course immunization and pandemic preparedness: a COVID-19 vaccine evaluation and HPV introduction experience in Sierra Leone.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Vaccine uptake pre- and post-COVID-19 in American adults: a retrospective observational study using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- The impacts of COVID-19 on routine immunization for children in Rwanda.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Trends and Geographic Distribution of Rotavirus Genotypes Among Children Aged Under 5 Years Hospitalized with Acute Gastroenteritis in India, 2019-2023.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Measles resurgence in Texas: a public health wake-up call.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of an Education Toolkit Delivered by Soap Operas Among Communities Living in Extreme Poverty in Improving Vaccination Confidence in the Philippines: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Socio-demographic factors associated with incomplete vaccination or non-vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Sierra Leone.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Pediatric Routine Immunization Delays in Chicago Before and After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Time-to-Event Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current COVID-19 global pandemic continues to impact healthcare services beyond those directly related to the management of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease. We reviewed the published literature to assess the pandemic impact on existing global immunization activities and how the impact may be addressed. Widespread global disruption in routine childhood immunization has impacted a majority of regions and countries, especially in the initial pandemic phases. While data indicate subsequent recovery in immunization rates, a substantial number of vulnerable people remain unvaccinated. The downstream impact may be even greater in resource-limited settings and economically poorer populations, and consequently there are growing concerns around the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly measles. Guidance on how to address immunization deficits are available and continue to evolve, emphasizing the importance of maintaining and restoring routine immunization and necessary mass vaccination campaigns during and after pandemics. In this, collaboration between a broad range of stakeholders (governments, industry, healthcare decision-makers and frontline healthcare professionals) and clear communication and engagement with the public can help achieve these goals.Key messagesThe COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on essential immunization activities.Disruption to mass vaccination campaigns increase risk of VPD resurgence.Catch-up campaigns are necessary to limit existing shortfalls in vaccine uptake.Guidance to mitigate these effects continues to evolve.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.