ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2022
Frequency and Intensity of Premonitory Urges-to-Tic in Tourette Syndrome Is Associated With Supplementary Motor Area GABA+ Levels.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Premonitory urge in tic disorders - a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation in Tourette syndrome.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Cortical Thickness and White Matter Surface Morphology in Tourette Syndrome: A Cohort Study.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Jingxin Zhidong Formula Alleviates Tic Disorder via Modulation of Microglial IKK/NF-κB Signaling and Striatal Neurotransmitter Homeostasis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Tic severity and executive functioning in children and adolescents: a moderated mediation model of premonitory urges and comorbidity.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Modulatory Effects of Jujuboside A on Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Profiles in Tic Disorder.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Interneuron Loss and Microglia Activation by Transcriptome Analyses in the Basal Ganglia of Tourette Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Metabolic abnormalities of the cortico‑striato‑thalamo‑cortical circuit of rats with tic disorder.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the role of the supplementary motor area in tics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Maternal autoimmune diseases and the risk of tics and Tourette's disorder in offspring: insights from Taiwan's real-world data.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Axial tics in Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- We've all been wrong about provisional tic disorder.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2024Article
- Premonitory Urge in Patients with Tics and Functional Tic-like Behaviors.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of tic severity in children with Tourette syndrome: Motor cortex inhibition measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2023Article
- Oromandibular tics associated with Tourette syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- From urges to tics in children with Tourette syndrome: associations with supplementary motor area GABA and right motor cortex physiology.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Urge-tic associations in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Deep Learning of Brain Structural and Metabolic Data.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2021.F1000Research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) often report that they express tics as a means of alleviating the experience of unpleasant sensations. These sensations are perceived as an urge to act and are referred to as premonitory urges. Premonitory urges have been the focus of recent efforts to develop interventions to reduce tic expression in those with TS.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the contribution of brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels of the right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and insular cortex (insula) to tic and urge severity in children with TS.
methodsEdited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) of the right SM1, SMA, and insula in 68 children with TS (M
resultsGABA+ and Glx of the right SM1, SMA, and insula were comparable between the children with TS and typically developing control subjects. In children with TS, lower levels of SMA GABA+ were associated with more severe and more frequent premonitory urges. Neither GABA+ nor Glx levels were associated with tic severity.
conclusionsThese results broadly support the role of GABAergic neurotransmission within the SMA in the experience of premonitory urges in children with TS. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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