ReviewMolecular oncology2022
Dual inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1: a novel approach to cancer treatment.
Review in Molecular oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signaling pathway mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment and emerging targeting strategies for improved prognosis.Oncology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Immune-Based Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review of Ongoing Clinical Trials (2020-2022).Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis based on mixed-effect models.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Targeted drug delivery system for ovarian cancer microenvironment: Improving the effects of immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Autotaxin Secretion Is a Stromal Mechanism of Adaptive Resistance to TGFβ Inhibition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancer research · 2024Trial
- Biomimetic nano-in-gel vaccine platform with spatiotemporal co-delivery capacity for DC maturation against immunosuppressive tumors.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Development of a novel immune infiltration-based gene signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response of a novel anti-PD-L1/TGF-β bifunctional fusion protein in recurrent cervical cancer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Tumor-Secreted ADAMTSL4 Activates Latent TGFβ1 to Drive Cancer Cachexia.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Spatial tissue analysis of secondary sarcoma following CAR T cell therapy for B cell lymphoma.iScience · 2026Article
- Multi-omics profiling unveils biological and clinical insights into pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the Tumor Oncobiosphere: Bioactive Nanohybrid Materials for Reversing Therapeutic Pseudo-Resistance.ACS omega · 2026Review
- An integrated molecular classification system identifies distinct prognostic clusters of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- A single-cell atlas revealing cellular heterogeneity across healthy and diseased human thymus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast targeting therapies as a tool to enhance responses to radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Retlirafusp Alfa: First Approval.Drugs · 2026Review
- The Tumor-Platelet-Immune Interface: Driving Metastasis, Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- TGF-β mediates epigenetic control of innate antiviral responses and SIV reservoir size.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The claudin-18.2-CD3 bispecific antibody IBI389 exerts an antitumor effect on malignant tumors with positive claudin-18.2 expression by promoting T-cell infiltration and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Capecitabine combined with fecal microbiota transplantation prevents colorectal cancer progression through correction of microbial dysbiosis and immune regulation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) initiate signaling pathways with complementary, nonredundant immunosuppressive functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, dysregulated TGF-β signaling suppresses antitumor immunity and promotes cancer fibrosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, PD-L1 expression inactivates cytotoxic T cells and restricts immunosurveillance in the TME. Anti-PD-L1 therapies have been approved for the treatment of various cancers, but TGF-β signaling in the TME is associated with resistance to these therapies. In this review, we discuss the importance of the TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways in cancer, as well as clinical strategies using combination therapies that block these pathways separately or approaches with dual-targeting agents (bispecific and bifunctional immunotherapies) that may block them simultaneously. Currently, the furthest developed dual-targeting agent is bintrafusp alfa. This drug is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein that consists of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β 'trap') fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody blocking PD-L1. Given the immunosuppressive effects of the TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways within the TME, colocalized and simultaneous inhibition of these pathways may potentially improve clinical activity and reduce toxicity.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.