SynthesisNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2022
Immune-mediated neurological syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of literature on autoimmune encephalitis in COVID-19.
Synthesis in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced Hospital Incidence of Autoimmune Encephalitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Could increased thiamazole sales among children in Belgium during the pandemic indicate a surge in Graves' disease cases?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- SARS‑CoV‑2 infection exacerbates diaphragmatic eventration: A case report.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Subdural effusion associated with COVID-19 encephalopathy: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-associated encephalopathy in children.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Clinical and immunological features in patients with neuroimmune complications of COVID-19 during Omicron wave in China: a case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- The Incidence of Myasthenia Gravis in the Province of Ferrara, Italy, in the Period of 2008-2022: An Update on a 40-Year Observation and the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Association between COVID-19 and myasthenia gravis (MG): A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema Presenting as Refractory Status Epilepticus in a SARS-CoV-2 PCR-Positive Child Without Pulmonary Involvement: Authors' Reply.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Immune-mediated cerebellitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection-a case report and review of the literature.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Anti-Neuronal Autoantibodies in COVID-19-Associated Limbic Encephalitis with Acute Cerebellar Ataxia and Myoclonus Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Case Report: High-dose steroid and IVIG successful treatment in a case of COVID-19-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced Encephalopathy and Encephalitis in COVID-19 Cases.Neuroscience insights · 2023Review
- The MOG antibody associated encephalitis preceded by COVID-19 infection; a case study and systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has been spreading rapidly amongst humans and causing a global pandemic. The notorious infection has shown to cause a wide spectrum of neurological syndrome, including autoimmune encephalitis.
objectiveHere, we systematically review the literature on autoimmune encephalitis that developed in the background of SARS-CoV-2 infections and also the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of auto-immune mediated damage to the nervous system. METHODOLOGY: An exhaustive search was made in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus and other medical databases, and 28 relevant published articles were selected according to the strict inclusion criteria.
resultsAutoimmune encephalitis can occur via three possible proposed pathophysiological mechanism and can manifest during or after the acute infection period. It is more common in adult but can also occur in the paediatric patients. There were various spectra of autoantibody panels reported including antineuronal antibody, anti-gangliosides antibody and onconeural antibody. Majority of the patients responded well to the immunomodulating therapy and achieved good recovery.
conclusionIn conclusion, SARSCoV-2 infection can induce various spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis. It is a major concern since there is very limited long-term study on the topic. Hence, this review aims to elucidate on the potential long-term complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hopefully to improve the management and prognosis of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.