ArticleRegenerative therapy2021
Three-dimensional spheroids of dedifferentiated fat cells enhance bone regeneration.
Article in Regenerative therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Dedifferentiated Fat Progenitors (DFATs) in Comparison To the Adipose Derived Stem/Stromal Cells (ASCs).Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Properties and Osteogenic Potential of a Novel Scaffold-Free Material, Spheroid Blocks Comprising Fused Spheroids of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Stem cells international · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Neural Cell Culture Systems.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Preferred Orientation of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Along theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Conditioned Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Dedifferentiated Fat Cells Promote Bone Regeneration by Altering MicroRNAs.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Cationic polymer effect on brown adipogenic induction of dedifferentiated fat cells.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advantages of Using 3D Spheroid Culture Systems in Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessment for Osteogenesis Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Synergic Strategy: Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids Seeded on 3D-Printed PLA/CHA Scaffolds Implanted in a Bone Critical-Size Defect Model.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- METTL3-induced lncRNA GBAP1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating BMP/SMAD pathway.Biology direct · 2023Article
- Dedifferentiated fat cells: current applications and future directions in regenerative medicine.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- The Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Osteoblasts Mineralization: A Comparison between 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Impacts ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that are extensively used in tissue engineering. Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are derived from adipose tissues and are similar to MSCs. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures comprising MSCs mimic the biological microenvironment more accurately than two-dimensional cultures; however, it remains unclear whether DFAT cells in 3D spheroids possess high osteogenerative ability. Furthermore, it is unclear whether DFAT cells from 3D spheroids transplanted into calvarial bone defects are as effective as those from two-dimensional (2D) monolayers in promoting bone regeneration.
methodsWe compared the
resultsOsteoblast differentiation stimulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or osteogenesis-inducing medium upregulated osteogenesis-related molecules in 3D spheroid DFAT cells compared with 2D monolayer DFAT cells. BMP-2 activated phosphorylation in the canonical Smad 1/5 pathways in 3D spheroid DFAT cells but phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad2 in 2D monolayer DFAT cells. Regardless of osteogenic stimulation, the transplantation of 3D DFAT spheroid cells into rat calvarial defects promoted new bone formation at a greater extent than that of 2D DFAT cells.
conclusionsCompared with 2D DFAT cells, 3D DFAT spheroid cells promote osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation via canonical Smad 1/5 signaling pathways. These results indicate that transplantation of DFAT cells from 3D spheroids, but not 2D monolayers, accelerates bone healing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.