ArticleERJ open research2021
The risk of respiratory tract infections and antibiotic use in a general population and among people with asthma.
Article in ERJ open research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationships of Upper respiratory tract infections and holistic diets and lifestyles in Northeast China.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Extended antibiotic exposure and exacerbations, mortality, and healthcare costs in asthma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Is There a Role for Immunostimulant Bacterial Lysates in the Management of Respiratory Tract Infection?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Adverse respiratory outcomes among patients with resolved asthma: matched retrospective cohort study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for COVID-19 and Respiratory Tract Infections during the Coronavirus Pandemic.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Acute respiratory infections hamper training and competition in cross-country skiers, especially in those with asthma.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- Characteristics of patients initiating treatment with baricitinib and outcomes at follow-up: analysis of BSRBR-RA Registry data.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to investigate occupational, environmental, early life and other risk factors associated with respiratory infections and antibiotics use in a general population and among asthmatic individuals.
methodThis study included 15 842 participants of the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study aged 25-54 years from five Nordic countries, who answered a questionnaire covering respiratory outcomes, exposures, demographic characteristics and numbers of infections and courses of antibiotics in the last 12 months. Multiple logistic regression with and without adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and centre were used to study the risk of infection and antibiotics in relation to asthma, and also the association between infection and antibiotics and occupations.
resultsIn the whole population, 11.6% reported having three or more respiratory infections, and 14.7% had used antibiotics because of respiratory tract infections within the last year. Asthmatic participants reported tripled odds for such infections (adjusted OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.53-3.52) and antibiotics use (adjusted OR 3.67, 95% CI 3.18-4.24) as compared to non-asthmatic participants. Both in the general and the asthmatic population, female sex, obesity and exposure to building dampness were associated with respiratory infections. Female sex and current smoking and living in Tartu were associated with antibiotic use. The use of antibiotics was doubled in people hospitalised for severe respiratory infection in childhood.
conclusionIn this study we identified several factors associated with increased respiratory infections and use of antibiotics in a general population and among asthmatic individuals. The frequency of respiratory infections and subsequent antibiotic treatment were increased among those with asthma.
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Registered trials
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