ArticleSouthern African journal of HIV medicine2021
Five years after Treat All implementation: Botswana's HIV response and future directions in the era of COVID-19.
Article in Southern African journal of HIV medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Measures of HIV Care Accessibility Across Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- SAHCS 2021 Conference Summary.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness of cryptococcal antigen screening at CD4 counts of 101-200 cells/µL in Botswana.Wellcome open research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundAs the relentless coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread across Africa, Botswana could face challenges maintaining the pathway towards control of its HIV epidemic.
objectiveUtilising the Spectrum GOALS module (GOALS-2021), the 5-year outcomes from the implementation of the Treat All strategy were analysed and compared with the original 2016 Investment Case (2016-IC) projections. Future impact of adopting the new Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Global AIDS Strategy (2021-2026) targets and macroeconomic analysis estimating how the financial constraints from the COVID-19 pandemic could impact the available resources for Botswana's National HIV Response through 2030 were also considered.
methodProgrammatic costs, population demographics, prevention and treatment outputs were determined. Previous 2016-IC data were uploaded for comparison, and inputs for the GOALS, AIM, DemProj, Resource Needs and Family Planning modules were derived from published reports, strategic plans, programmatic data and expert opinion. The economic projections were recalibrated with consideration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
resultsDecreases in HIV infections, incidence and mortality rates were achieved. Increases in laboratory costs were offset by estimated decreases in the population of people living with HIV (PLWH). Moving forward, young women and others at high risk must be targeted in HIV prevention efforts, as Botswana transitions from a generalised to a more concentrated epidemic.
conclusionThe Treat All strategy contributed positively to decreases in new HIV infections, mortality and costs. If significant improvements in differentiated service delivery, increases in human resources and HIV prevention can be realised, Botswana could become one of the first countries with a previously high-burdened generalised HIV epidemic to gain epidemic control, despite the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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