Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34853371›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Associations of the oral microbiota and Candida with taste, smell, appetite and undernutrition in older adults.

Kristina S Fluitman, Tim J van den Broek, Max Nieuwdorp, Marjolein Visser, Richard G IJzerman, Bart J F Keijser

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Taste disorders in cancer patients and current therapeutic approaches: a narrative review of an understudied topic in supportive care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Oral bacterial community dynamics during induction of gingival inflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kristina S FluitmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tim J van den BroekDepartment of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Healthy Living, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Max NieuwdorpDepartment of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marjolein VisserAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Richard G IJzermanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bart J F KeijserDepartment of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Healthy Living, Zeist, The Netherlands. Bart.keijser@tno.nl.
Amsterdam University Medical Centers · NLVrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NL

Funding

HSRD VA CDA 10-014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poor taste and smell function are widely thought to contribute to the development of poor appetite and undernutrition in older adults. It has been hypothesized that the oral microbiota play a role as well, but evidence is scarce. In a cross-sectional cohort of 356 older adults, we performed taste and smell tests, collected anthropometric measurements and tongue swabs for analysis of microbial composition (16S rRNA sequencing) and Candida albicans abundance (qPCR). Older age, edentation, poor smell and poor appetite were associated with lower alpha diversity and explained a significant amount of beta diversity. Moreover, a lower Streptococcus salivarius abundance was associated with poor smell identification score, whereas high C. albicans abundance seemed to be associated with poor smell discrimination score. In our population, neither the tongue microbiota, nor C. albicans were associated with poor taste or directly with undernutrition. Our findings do suggest a host-microbe interaction with regard to smell perception and appetite.

Indexed as

AppetiteMalnutritionAgedAged, 80 and overAgingCandidaCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMicrobiotaMiddle AgedNetherlandsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSmellRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID34853371
PMCPMC8636608
OpenAlexW3215215413

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.