ArticleNPJ schizophrenia2021
The effect of sex on social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia.
Article in NPJ schizophrenia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Reading body and face language in male schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Role of emotional intelligence in schizophrenia: ability-based vs. self-reported assessment.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- A scoping review of genetic studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Psychometric validation of social cognition measures in U.S. Hispanic individuals with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Observable Social Cognition Rating Scale (OSCARS) in Arabic-Speaking Patients with Schizophrenia.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The role of affective states in computational psychiatry.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Relationship Between Illness Duration and Social Cognitive Abilities in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Sex-based differences in Jumping to Conclusions: a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Sex-specific Associations between Immune Parameters and Clinical Symptoms in First-episode Patients with Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the association of overweight with cognitive performance in individuals with first-episode psychosis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Sex differences in social cognition among individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy control participants: a secondary analysis of published data.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Exploring specific associations of childhood maltreatment with social cognition in drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder: a sex-centric approach.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- No Sex-based Differences in Self-reported Empathy between Patients with Schizophrenia and Control Subjects.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Age-Related Social Cognitive Performance in Individuals With Psychotic Disorders and Their First-Degree Relatives.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Sex-based influential factors for dental caries in patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Emotions behind a mask: the value of disgust.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Association between Empathy and Clinical Symptoms among Overweight and Non-Overweight Chinese Chronic Schizophrenia Patients.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Sex Specificity in the Mixed Effects of Blood Heavy Metals and Cognitive Function on Elderly: Evidence from NHANES.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Sex differences in factors influencing hospital-acquired pneumonia in schizophrenia patients receiving modified electroconvulsive therapy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Social cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and plays a critical role in poor community functioning in the disorder. However, our understanding of the relationship between key biological variables and social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is limited. This study examined the effect of sex on the levels of social cognitive impairment and the relationship between social cognitive impairment and social functioning in schizophrenia. Two hundred forty-eight patients with schizophrenia (61 female) and 87 healthy controls (31 female) completed five objective measures and one subjective measure of social cognition. The objective measures included the Facial Affect Identification, Emotion in Biological Motion, Self-Referential Memory, MSCEIT Branch 4, and Empathic Accuracy tasks. The subjective measure was the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which includes four subscales. Patients completed measures of social and non-social functional capacity and community functioning. For objective social cognitive tasks, we found a significant sex difference only on one measure, the MSCEIT Branch 4, which in both patient and control groups, females performed better than males. Regarding the IRI, females endorsed higher empathy-related items on one subscale. The moderating role of sex was found only for the association between objective social cognition and non-social functional capacity. The relationship was stronger in male patients than female patients. In this study, we found minimal evidence of a sex effect on social cognition in schizophrenia across subjective and objective measures. Sex does not appear to moderate the association between social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.