ArticleDiabetes care2022
Index60 Identifies Individuals at Appreciable Risk for Stage 3 Among an Autoantibody-Positive Population With Normal 2-Hour Glucose Levels: Implications for Current Staging Criteria of Type 1 Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baseline Insulin Secretion Determines Response to Abatacept in Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Trial
- Trajectory of beta cell function and insulin clearance in stage 2 type 1 diabetes: natural history and response to teplizumab.Diabetologia · 2025Trial
- Comparisons of Metabolic Measures to Predict T1D vs Detect a Preventive Treatment Effect in High-Risk Individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- C-Peptide Provides Critical Contextual Insight Into Elevated Glucose Values During Progression to Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- BMI Normalization Is Associated With Lower Risk of Progression to Type 1 Diabetes, Primarily in Youth.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring as a tool in early-stage type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Stratifying the Rate of Disease Progression by Progression Likelihood Scores in Children and Adolescents With Stage 1 and Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes in Germany.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Article
- Relevance of Quantitative Measures of Beta-Cell Function in Clinical Practice.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Review
- [Research progress and optimization strategies for early screening of type 1 diabetes].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Review
- Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes Using Modeling of β Cell Function.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Contrasting Adult and Pediatric Populations in a Cohort of At-Risk Relatives in The T1D TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Type 1 diabetes risk factors, risk prediction and presymptomatic detection: Evidence and guidance for screening.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- IA-2A positivity increases risk of progression within and across established stages of type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- A Glucose Fraction Independent of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Type 1 Diabetes Progression in Autoantibody-Positive Cohorts.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to accelerate discovery of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Time to reframe the disease staging system for type 1 diabetes.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2024Review
- Beyond Stages: Predicting Individual Time Dependent Risk for Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Review
- Identification of type 1 diabetes risk phenotypes using an outcome-guided clustering analysis.Diabetologia · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe assessed whether Index60, a composite measure of fasting C-peptide, 60-min C-peptide, and 60-min glucose, could improve the metabolic staging of type 1 diabetes for progression to clinical disease (stage 3) among autoantibody-positive (Ab+) individuals with normal 2-h glucose values (<140 mg/dL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe analyzed 3,058 Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention participants with 2-h glucose <140 mg/dL and Index60 <1.00 values from baseline oral glucose tolerance tests. Characteristics associated with type 1 diabetes (younger age, greater Ab+, higher HLA DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 prevalence, and lower C-peptide) were compared among four mutually exclusive groups: top 2-h glucose quartile only (HI-2HGLU), top Index60 quartile only (HI-IND60), both top quartiles (HI-BOTH), and neither top quartile (LO-BOTH). Additionally, within the 2-h glucose distribution of <140 mg/dL and separately within the Index60 <1.00 distribution, comparisons were made between those above or below the medians.
resultsHI-IND60 and HI-BOTH were younger, with greater frequency of more than two Ab+, and lower C-peptide levels, than either HI-2HGLU or LO-BOTH (all P < 0.001). The cumulative incidence for stage 3 was greater for HI-IND60 and HI-BOTH than for either HI-2HGLU or LO-BOTH (all P < 0.001). Those with Index60 values above the median were younger and had higher frequency of two or more Ab+ (P < 0.001) and DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 prevalence (P < 0.001) and lower area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide levels (P < 0.001) than those below. Those above the 2-h glucose median had higher AUC C-peptide levels (P < 0.001), but otherwise did not differ from those below.
conclusionsIndex60 identifies individuals with characteristics of type 1 diabetes at appreciable risk for progression who would otherwise be missed by 2-h glucose staging criteria.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.