ArticleVaccine2022
Disparities in national and state estimates of COVID-19 vaccination receipt and intent to vaccinate by race/ethnicity, income, and age group among adults ≥ 18 years, United States.
Article in Vaccine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination and Perceptions Around Vaccination Uptake Strategies Among African Americans Living in the US South: Opportunities for Public Health Program Intervention.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Same household, different choices: variation in health behaviors related to respiratory viruses in Illinois.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Association Between Socio-Political and Economic Factors and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: US-Mexico Border Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination and Intention to Vaccinate Children Among a Childbearing Population (in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania).AJPM focus · 2026Article
- The evolution of public health statistical modeling approaches and how to advance their incorporation into modern arboviral surveillance.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- The impact of COVID-19 vaccine distribution channels on equity-deserving populations: a Canadian population-based cohort study using administrative data.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Differences in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake according to region of birth: findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Building Trust: The Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts among African American Community Health Workers in HHS Region 4.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention and Uptake by July 2022 in Wisconsin.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- Motivators and Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions Across U.S. County-Level Barriers in the COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Environmental Exposures and COVID-19 Experiences in the United States, 2020-2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes explain SARS-CoV-2 vaccination disparities in a mixed serostatus cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Multidimensional Demographic Analyses of COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality in the United States: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Perceptions of the safety, development, and approval process of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines among individuals with Affordable Care Act health insurance in Central Texas at the time of initial vaccine availability.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends of socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Ethiopia: using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Health Care Delivery Site- and Patient-Level Factors Associated With COVID-19 Primary Vaccine Series Completion in a National Network of Community Health Centers.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Time to COVID-19 Vaccination by Language and Country of Origin.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The impact of COVID-19 vaccination rate on traffic recovery.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Public Health: Addressing Global, Regional, and Within-Country Inequalities.Vaccines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCOVID-19 morbidity and mortality has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations such as minority racial/ethnic groups. Understanding disparities in vaccine intentions and reasons for vaccine hesitancy are important for developing effective strategies for ameliorating racial/ethnic COVID-19 inequities.
methodsUsing six waves of the large, nationally representative Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey data from January 6-March 29, 2021 (n = 459,235), we examined national and state estimates for vaccination intent, defined as receipt of ≥ 1 dose of the COVID-19 vaccine or definite intent to be vaccinated, by race/ethnicity with stratification by household income and age group. In separate logistic regression models, we also examined the interaction between race/ethnicity and household income, and race/ethnicity and age group, and its association with vaccination intent. Lastly, we examined reasons for not vaccinating by race/ethnicity.
resultsVaccination intent differed by racial/ethnic group, household income, and age group nationally and by Health and Human Services (HHS) region and state. A significant interaction was observed between race/ethnicity and household income (F(8,72) = 4.50, p < 0.001), and race/ethnicity and age group (F(8,72) = 15.66, p < 0.001). Non-Hispanic Black adults with lower income (<$35,000) and younger age (18-49 years) were least likely to intend to vaccinate. Similar disparities across racial/ethnic groups were seen across most HHS regions and states. Concerns about possible side effects and effectiveness were significantly higher among all minority groups compared to non-Hispanic White adults.
conclusionDisparities in vaccination intent by racial/ethnic groups underscore the need for interventions and recommendations designed to improve vaccination coverage and confidence in underserved communities, such as younger and lower income racial/ethnic minority groups. Efforts to reduce disparities and barriers to vaccination are needed to achieve equity in vaccination coverage, and ultimately, to curb COVID-19 transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.