Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34850949›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2022

RNA marker modifications reveal the necessity for rigorous preparation protocols to avoid artifacts in epitranscriptomic analysis.

Florian Richter, Johanna E Plehn, Larissa Bessler, Jasmin Hertler, Marko Jörg, Cansu Cirzi, Francesca Tuorto, Kristina Friedland, Mark Helm

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Global analysis by LC-MS/MS ofRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025
    Article
  4. The role of m5C, m1A and m7G modifications in tumors of urinary system.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Analysis of RNA and Its Modifications.Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) · 2024
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. ExploringHorticulture research · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Opportunities and Challenges to Profile mRNA Modifications in Escherichia coli.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Florian RichterInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Johanna E PlehnInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Larissa BesslerInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Jasmin HertlerInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Marko JörgInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Cansu CirziDivision of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Francesca TuortoDivision of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1625-1181
Kristina FriedlandInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Mark HelmInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0154-0928

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The accurate definition of an epitranscriptome is endangered by artefacts resulting from RNA degradation after cell death, a ubiquitous yet little investigated process. By tracing RNA marker modifications through tissue preparation protocols, we identified a major blind spot from daily lab routine, that has massive impact on modification analysis in small RNAs. In particular, m6,6A and Am as co-varying rRNA marker modifications, appeared in small RNA fractions following rRNA degradation in vitro and in cellulo. Analysing mouse tissue at different time points post mortem, we tracked the progress of intracellular RNA degradation after cell death, and found it reflected in RNA modification patterns. Differences were dramatic between liver, where RNA degradation commenced immediately after death, and brain, yielding essentially undamaged RNA. RNA integrity correlated with low amounts of co-varying rRNA markers. Thus validated RNA preparations featured differentially modified tRNA populations whose information content allowed a distinction even among the related brain tissues cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. Inversely, advanced cell death correlated with high rRNA marker content, and correspondingly little with the naïve state of living tissue. Therefore, unless RNA and tissue preparations are executed with utmost care, interpretation of modification patterns in tRNA and small RNA are prone to artefacts.

Indexed as

ArtifactsRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalAnimalsMiceRNARNA, RibosomalRNA, TransferRNARNA, RibosomalRNA, Transfer

Identifiers

PMID34850949
PMCPMC9071408

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.