Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34850938›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2021

Decoding the effects of synonymous variants.

Zishuo Zeng, Ariel A Aptekmann, Yana Bromberg

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  7. Improving plant breeding through AI-supported data integration.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. The design and engineering of synthetic genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zishuo ZengDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08873, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5801-6476
Ariel A AptekmannDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08873, USA.
Yana BrombergDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08873, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8351-0844
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey · US

Funding

1/7 Collaborative Genomic Studies of Tourette Disorder.R01MH115958 · NIMH · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI HEIMAN, GARY A., TISCHFIELD, JAY ARNOLD · 2018 to 2023
$6.8M
AVA,Dx: Analysis of Variation for Association with DiseaseU01GM115486 · NIGMS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI BROMBERG, YANA · 2015 to 2018
$1.2M
AVA,Dx: Analysis of Variation for Association with DiseaseR01GM115486 · NIGMS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI BROMBERG, YANA · 2019 to 2019
$306k
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM115486NIGMS NIH HHS U01 GM115486NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH115958
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synonymous single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) are common in the human genome but are often overlooked. However, sSNVs can have significant biological impact and may lead to disease. Existing computational methods for evaluating the effect of sSNVs suffer from the lack of gold-standard training/evaluation data and exhibit over-reliance on sequence conservation signals. We developed synVep (synonymous Variant effect predictor), a machine learning-based method that overcomes both of these limitations. Our training data was a combination of variants reported by gnomAD (observed) and those unreported, but possible in the human genome (generated). We used positive-unlabeled learning to purify the generated variant set of any likely unobservable variants. We then trained two sequential extreme gradient boosting models to identify subsets of the remaining variants putatively enriched and depleted in effect. Our method attained 90% precision/recall on a previously unseen set of variants. Furthermore, although synVep does not explicitly use conservation, its scores correlated with evolutionary distances between orthologs in cross-species variation analysis. synVep was also able to differentiate pathogenic vs. benign variants, as well as splice-site disrupting variants (SDV) vs. non-SDVs. Thus, synVep provides an important improvement in annotation of sSNVs, allowing users to focus on variants that most likely harbor effects.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationMachine LearningDiseaseGenome, HumanHumansProteinsRNA SplicingProteins

Identifiers

PMID34850938
PMCPMC8682775
OpenAlexW3217533575

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.