ArticleNeuro-oncology2022
Combined immunotherapy with controlled interleukin-12 gene therapy and immune checkpoint blockade in recurrent glioblastoma: An open-label, multi-institutional phase I trial.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protocol ATI001-102 Substudy: Evaluation of Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex in Combination With Nivolumab in Subjects With Recurrent or Progressive Glioblastoma
A Phase II Study of Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + Veledimex in Combination With Cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo®) in Subjects With Recurrent or Progressive Glioblastoma
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors as targeted therapy for glioblastoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Advancements and challenges: immunotherapy therapy in high-grade glioma - a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Emerging trends and thematic evolution of immunotherapy for glioma based on the top 100 cited articles.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The Imbalance Between Tumor Immunosurveillance and Tumor Immune Escape in Glioblastoma.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Next-generation programmable cell therapies for precision medicine.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Uncovering MYOF as a novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma: mechanistic insights and drug discovery.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Oncolytic viruses and cytokine-based gene therapies reprogram the tumor microenvironment.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Immunotherapeutic Modalities in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety ConsiderationsCancers · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Leiomyosarcoma: Current Status and Perspectives.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- A comprehensive review redefining viruses as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Intratumoral delivery of 4-1BBL boosts IL-12-triggered anti-glioma immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- A Synergistic 3D-Printed Collar Transforms Radiofrequency Ablation Into Potent Thermal Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma in adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on current management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization and single-cell analysis reveal novel genetic risk factors and cellular heterogeneity in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVeledimex (VDX)-regulatable interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene therapy in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) was reported to show tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, encouraging survival, but also up-regulation of immune checkpoint signaling, providing the rationale for a combination trial with immune checkpoint inhibition.
methodsAn open-label, multi-institutional, dose-escalation phase I trial in rGBM subjects (NCT03636477) accrued 21 subjects in 3 dose-escalating cohorts: (1) neoadjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (1mg/kg) and VDX (10 mg) (n = 3); (2) neoadjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (3 mg/kg) and VDX (10 mg) (n = 3); and (3) neoadjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (3 mg/kg) and VDX (20 mg) (n = 15). Nivolumab was administered 7 (±3) days before resection of the rGBM followed by peritumoral injection of IL-12 gene therapy. VDX was administered 3 hours before and then for 14 days after surgery. Nivolumab was administered every two weeks after surgery.
resultsToxicities of the combination were comparable to IL-12 gene monotherapy and were predictable, dose-related, and reversible upon withholding doses of VDX and/or nivolumab. VDX plasma pharmacokinetics demonstrate a dose-response relationship with effective brain tumor tissue VDX penetration and production of IL-12. IL-12 levels in serum peaked in all subjects at about Day 3 after surgery. Tumor IFNγ increased in post-treatment biopsies. Median overall survival (mOS) for VDX 10 mg with nivolumab was 16.9 months and for all subjects was 9.8 months.
conclusionThe safety of this combination immunotherapy was established and has led to an ongoing phase II clinical trial of immune checkpoint blockade with controlled IL-12 gene therapy (NCT04006119).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.